卫星接地方式的分析与思考

接地是卫星正常工作的基本要求之一,也是决定其EMC性能的关键因素,本文将介绍星上常用的几种接地方式及目前低压母线卫星上广泛使用的一种接地模式,进而结合国内外现状,提出一种高压母线下卫星的接地方案,最后通过具体案例来说明接地的重要性,以期引起航天科技工作者对这方面的更多关注.     

基于LMS格型算法的自适应参数谱估计方法

研究了自适应参数谱估计的基本原理,提出了基于最小均方误差（MMSE）准则的LMS格型滤波算法实现自适应参数谱估计的方法。通过对仿真测试信号和线性调频信号的计算表明,该方法能够在改善谱分辨率的同时提高运算效率,满足遥测速变信号的处理和分析计算的要求。     

区间不确定信息下可修系统基于幂律过程的贝叶斯可靠性评估方法研究

贝叶斯方法常用于小子样场合下航空航天等领域中可修系统的可靠性评估,由于一些不确定因素影响致使无法精确收集先验信息和/或可修系统的故障信息,但却可获得其上下界信息。针对区间不确定信息情形,提出多台可修系统当其失效过程服从幂律过程（PLP）时的贝叶斯可靠性分析方法,将信息先验下PLP模型基于区间信息的贝叶斯分析转化为所求目标函数恰是该先验下PLP模型传统贝叶斯分析的约束优化问题;通过具体工程实例对本文所提方法的可行性、有效性进行验证。结果表明：本文所提出的贝叶斯可靠性分析方法能够为小子样场合下,考虑不确定性因素影响时可修系统的可靠性评估问题研究提供一种值得参考的方法。     

New method of enhancement using wavelet transforms applied to SODISM telescope

PICARD is a space-based observatory hosting the Solar Diameter Imager and Surface Mapper (SODISM) telescope, which has continuously observed the Sun from July 2010 and up to March 2014. In order to study the fine structure of the solar surface, it is helpful to apply techniques that enhance the images so as to improve the visibility of solar features such as sunspots or faculae. The objective of this work is to develop an innovative technique to enhance the quality of the SODISM images in the five wavelengths monitored by the telescope at 215.0?nm, 393.37?nm, 535.7?nm, 607.1?nm and 782.2?nm. An enhancement technique using interpolation of the high-frequency sub-bands obtained by Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) and the input image is applied to the SODISM images. The input images are decomposed by the DWT as well as Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) into four separate sub-bands in horizontal and vertical directions namely, low-low (LL), low–high (LH), high-low (HL) and high–high (HH) frequencies. The DWT high frequency sub-bands are interpolated by a factor 2. The estimated high frequency sub-bands (edges) are enhanced by introducing an intermediate stage using a Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT), and then all these sub-bands and input image are combined and interpolated with half of the interpolation factor α/2, used to interpolate the high-frequency sub-bands, in order to reach the required size for IDWT processing. Quantitative and visual results show the superiority of the proposed technique over a bicubic image resolution enhancement technique. In addition, filling factors for sunspots are calculated from SODISM images and results are presented in this work.     

A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

Analysis of the dynamic performance of an electro-hydrostatic actuator and improvement methods

As a kind of actuation mechanism for power-by-wire (PBW) actuation systems of more/all electrical aircraft, an electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a highly integrated local hydraulic actuation system. It is a volume control system consisting of a motor, a pump, an actuator, etc., which has features of high efficiency and reliability. However, the poor dynamic characteristic is one of the main factors restricting its wide application in aircraft. In this paper, the reason for the poor dynamic characteristic of an EHA is revealed from the perspectives of the natural frequency characteristic and the power requirement, respectively. In other words, the insufficiency of the motor output power at a high frequency is the main factor causing the poor dynamic characteristic of the system, and methods which include increasing the maximum output torque of the motor, reducing the rotational inertia of the motor-pump group, and adopting a double-motor-pump group configuration are proposed in this paper, by which the dynamic characteristic of the system can be improved. The feasibility of those methods are verified by simulations. Finally, the dynamic characteristic is tested on an EHA prototype, and results show that saturation of the output torque of the motor is the main factor restricting the dynamic characteristic of the EHA system.     

Radio sounding of the solar wind acceleration region with spacecraft signals

Data from coronal radio-sounding experiments carried out on various interplanetary spacecraft are used to derive the empirical radial dependence of solar wind velocity and density at heliocentric distances from 3 to 60 solar radii for heliolatitudes below 60° and for low solar activity. The radial dependencies of solar wind power and acceleration are derived from these results. Summaries of the radial behavior of characteristic parameters of the solar wind turbulence (e.g., the spectral index and the inner and outer turbulence scales), as well as the fractional density fluctuation, are also presented. These radio-sounding results provide a benchmark for models of the solar wind in its acceleration region.     

Best practices for model-based and simulation-aided engineering of power transmission and motion control systems

This paper deals with the modelling and simulation of aircraft systems, in particular for power transmission and control. It is intended to review, propose and disseminate best practices for making model-based/simulation-aided engineering more efficient at any phase of the system life cycle. The proposals are aimed at creating value, not only by increasing the performance of the product under study but also by shortening the time to market, capitalizing knowledge, mitigating risks and facilitating concurrent engineering. The needs associated with the engineering activities are firstly identified to define a set of requirements for the models. Then, these requirements are used to drive the considerations leading to model development, focusing in particular on the process, modelled physical effects, modelling level, model architecting and concurrent engineering. The third part deals with the model implementation, giving special consideration to the different types of models, causalities, parameterization, implementation and verification. Each part is illustrated by examples related to safety critical actuators.     

GPSBIIF-1卫星L1频点QPSK VS CASM信号质量评估

为了评估GPS L1频点信号体制转换前后的空间信号质量，基于高增益天线接收系统采集数据，对相干自适应副载波调制(CASM)调制和QPSK调制信号质量进行对比分析。首先，简要介绍CASM调制模型，利用波形匹配技术求解L1频点授权信号伪码序列。其次，基于星座图分布和极大似然估计分别解决出QPSK和CASM调制信号分量功率分配难题。最后定量地利用相关特性参数中的S曲线过零点偏差(SCB)和相关损失(CL)对比分析L1频点信号体制转换前后各信号分量空间信号质量。该文结果可为不同信号体制下空间信号质量评估对比提供参考。