3D打印用硅基陶瓷前驱体研究进展北大核心CSCD

聚合物前驱体转化法可使用聚合物的成型加工工艺实现陶瓷材料的加工制备,在高性能陶瓷和复合材料制备方面显示出独特的优势。3D打印技术在陶瓷前驱体成型中的应用为制备复杂结构陶瓷制件提供了全新的可能。本文从3D打印硅基陶瓷前驱体树脂体系、打印技术及其应用等方面,系统总结了近年来3D打印制备SiCO、SiCN、SiC及含B、Zr等元素硅基陶瓷材料前驱体的研究进展,并进一步指出了3D打印陶瓷前驱体面临的挑战与研究方向。     

Viscoelastic characterization of polymers for deployable composite booms

Deployable space structures are being built from thin-walled fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials due to their high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and designed bistability. However, the inherent viscoelastic behavior of the resin matrix can cause dimensional instability when the composite is stored under strain. The extended time of stowage between assembly and deployment in space can result in performance degradation and in the worst case, mission failure. In this study, the viscoelastic properties of candidate commercial polymers consisting of difunctional and tetrafunctional epoxies and thermoplastic and thermosetting polyimides were evaluated for deployable boom structures of solar sails. Stress relaxation master curves of the candidate polymers were used to predict the relaxation that would occur in 1 year at room temperature under relatively low strains of about 0.1%. A bismaleimide (BMI) showed less stress relaxation (about 20%) than the baseline novolac epoxy (about 50%). Carbon fiber composites fabricated with the BMI resin showed a 44% improvement in resistance to relaxation compared to the baseline epoxy composite.     

Plasma chemical reactions in C2H2/N2, C2H4/N2, and C2H6/N2 gas mixtures of a laboratory dielectric barrier discharge

Plasma chemical reactions in C₂H₂/N₂, C₂H₄/N₂, and C₂H₆/N₂ gas mixtures have been studied by means of mass spectrometry at a medium pressure of 300 mbar in a laboratory dielectric barrier discharge. A major reaction scheme is production of larger hydrocarbons like C_nH_m with n up to 12 including formation of functional CN groups.     

正交实验法引入应用化学综合实验

介绍了在应用化学综合实验教学中,针对低分子量聚丙烯酸的合成及分析的实验进行教学改革。采取改变教材中实验条件设计正交实验的教学方法,有利于提高学生的科研能力。     

Secular variations of OH nightglow emission and of the OH intensity-weighted temperature induced by gravity–wave forcing in the MLT region

Secular variations of OH airglow (8,3) band and of the intensity-weighted temperature induced by a gravity wave packet at three latitudes in the northern hemisphere in the Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere region are investigated using a 2-D, time-dependent, fully nonlinear OH chemistry–dynamics model. A net-cycled average survives due to wave transience and dissipation. The integrated OH (8,3) volume emission rates show a 20 percent increase induced by the wave packet. The corresponding intensity-weighted temperature shows an initial increase up to 2 percent then a gradual decrease for the remainder of the simulation time by the same wave packet. These secular variations could be mistaken as long-period or short-period waves in the airglow observations. Therefore, care must be taken when analyzing the data from observations.     

苄氯法合成α-AlH3及其表征

在乙醚-甲苯混合溶剂中,苄基氯和LiAlH4反应生成AlH3乙醚络合物。此络合物在甲苯介质中脱醚得到α-AlH3。通过X射线衍射、元素分析、扫描电镜及热分析,对样品进行表征。测试结果表明,此方法得到的α-AlH3晶体纯度高,Cl含量低,形貌完整,颗粒均匀,产物的热力学性能优良。     

空间环境对聚合物基复合材料性能的影响分析

文章介绍了空间飞行器工作过程中的空间环境条件。为满足这些要求 ,在设计与选材时须考虑一些因素。此外对某型号任务中使用的P75S/环氧 6 48复合材料耐空间环境条件的性能做了简要评述     

湍流脉动对化学反应影响的数值研究

为了研究湍流脉动对化学反应的影响,在对冲火焰中引入了时空发展的扰动,其中H₂O₂扰动模拟组分脉动,拉伸率扰动在燃料和氧化剂边界温度均匀的条件下模拟速度脉动,在非均匀条件下模拟温度脉动。正庚烷自点火的计算结果显示:H₂O₂扰动可以缩短点火延迟时间。通过RO₂同素异形化以及C₂H₃氧化的反应路径通量分析,发现H₂O₂扰动不会改变反应路径间的极限竞争关系。均匀温度边界条件下的拉伸率扰动通过恶化热量和自由基的损失抑制中温机理,延长点火所需时间。非均匀温度边界条件下的拉伸率扰动能产生附加的温度扰动,点火延迟时间随扰动频率的变化关系复杂。通过RO₂同素异形化的反应路径通量分析可知,该扰动能够改变反应路径间的极限竞争关系,也能逆转点火进程。由此可以推断,在工程应用中,若湍流脉动较强,点火可能会从单级转化为多级。      

用聚碳硅烷与端羟基聚丁二烯共混物制备碳化硅纤维

本文用适量端羟基聚丁二烯与聚碳硅烷共混物为先驱体制备了高强度碳化硅纤维。聚碳硅烷与端羟基聚丁二烯在260℃左右发生交联反应。利用它们的共混物作先驱体制备碳化硅纤维可减少先驱纤维不熔化处理时所需要引进的氧,从而减少碳化硅纤维中二氧化硅杂质含量,提高碳化硅纤维的强度。聚碳硅烷与3wt％的端羟基聚丁二烯共混后,所得碳化硅纤维强度可提高26％左右。     

钝体标模高焓风洞试验和飞行试验相关性的数值分析

在高焓风洞喷管膨胀流动中,会出现组分和振动能量的非平衡冻结现象,给试验数据的分析、外推和使用带来困难。笔者选择有飞行试验数据的钝锥体ELECTRE作为高焓风洞试验的标模,用热化学非平衡Navier Stokes软件,计算了飞行条件和相应的考虑组分和振动能量的非平衡冻结效应试验条件的模型绕流流场,用双尺度参数ρL和Stanton数,分析试验条件下的热流数据外推飞行条件的问题。研究结果说明:在模型头部区域,保持总焓和双尺度参数ρL不变,热流数据从试验条件外推到飞行条件是可行的;在模型尾部区域,试验条件和飞行条件的Stanton数有较大差别,用双尺度参数ρL把热流数据从试验条件外推到飞行条件有较大误差。最后提出了用CFD设计高焓风洞试验条件的思路,并识别真实气体效应显著改变热流分布的高焓风洞试验能力区域。