具有光纤神经系统的新颖复合材料结构的发展及展望

本文综合介绍了近年来国外迅速发展的具有光纤神经系统的新颖复合材料结构的研究成果及发展趋势。提出了埋设于复合材料内部的光纤系统将成为未来飞行器结构的“神经网络系统”而使结构成为“智能结构”等新概念。文章较详细地阐述了这种新颖结构在制造和使用过程中在应变、变形、固化、损伤、疲劳等检测方面的具体应用及发展趋势。     

Multi-objective optimization of different dome reinforcement methods for composite cases

A multi-objective optimization method was proposed for different dome reinforcement methods of a filament-wound solid rocket motor composite case based on a Radial Basis Function (RBF) model. Progressive damage of the composite case was considered in a simulation based on Hashin failure criteria, and simulation results were validated by hydraulic burst tests to precisely predict the failure mode, failure position, and burst pressure. An RBF surrogate model was established and evaluated by Relative Average Absolute Error (RAAE), Relative Maximum Absolute Error (RMAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R² methods to improve the optimization efficient of dome reinforcement. In addition, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was employed to establish multi-objective optimization models of variable-angle and variable-polar-radius dome reinforcements to investigate the coupling effect of the reinforcement angle, reinforcement layers, and reinforcement range on the case performance. Optimal reinforcement parameters were obtained and used to establish a progressive damage model of the composite case with dome reinforcement. In accordance with progressive damage analysis, the burst pressure and performance factor were obtained. Results illustrated that variable-angle dome reinforcement was the optimal reinforcement method compared with variable-polar-radius dome reinforcement as it could not only ensure the reinforcement angle’s continuous changing but also decrease the mass of composite materials. Compared with the unreinforced case, the reinforced case exhibited an increase in the burst pressure and performance factor of 36.1% and 23.5%, respectively.     

智能结构中埋入式光纤传感器的研究

针对复合材料结构试件内部参量的测量提出了一种新型埋入式光纤传感器的研究方案。这种方案是采用双光敏管结构来检测干涉条纹的，运用适当的处理电路来计数条纹的移动量，并判断条纹的移动方向，从而测出复合材料构件内部物理参量的变化。对这种干涉型埋入式光纤传感器用于复合材料试件内部应变测量进行了理论推导，导出了条纹的移动量与应变的关系，并把这种传感器埋入环氧树脂复合材料梁中，对其应变进行了测量，给出了实验装置和     

碳纤维表面CVD硅涂层对其性能的影响

 分析了碳纤维表面化学气相沉积Ｓｉ涂层的相结构,研究了Ｓｉ涂层对碳纤维抗氧化性能及强度的影响。结果表明：涂层中Ｓｉ元素呈非晶态分布；Ｓｉ涂层可提高碳纤维的抗氧化性能；氧化温度不同,Ｓｉ涂层碳纤维的氧化失重或增重规律也不相同。同时,Ｓｉ涂层降低了碳纤维拉伸强度,而适度空气氧化又可使Ｓｉ涂层碳纤维强度得到大幅度提高；Ｓｉ涂层碳纤维的强度随氧化温度、氧化时间的变化而改变。     

两种增强泡沫塑料静动态力学性能的比较

通过静、动态压缩实验对两种增强聚氨酯泡沫塑料的压缩力学性能进行了研究，分析了两种材料应力－应变曲线的特点，并比较它们的应变率敏感性和动态加载时的能量吸收特性，实验结果表明：玻璃纤维束增强聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有不同于单丝玻璃纤维增强泡沫塑料的力学性能和变形破坏机制，单丝玻璃纤维增强泡沫塑料具有较好的增强效果。     

纤维/树脂浸润测试仪的研制与应用

针对复合材料成型工艺的特点,依据毛细原理,研制了浸润性能测试仪.该测试仪包括浸润质量测试系统与温度控制系统,能够定量测试在较宽的温度范围内发生浸润的速率和浸润程度.对该测试仪的准确性与稳定性进行了校准与标定,并运用该仪器研究了纤维种类、树脂粘度和纤维体积含量对树脂/纤维浸润性能的影响规律.研究结果表明该设备为研究各类复合材料中增强材料与基体间的浸润性能提供了方便的测试手段,对指导复合材料制备工艺具有较高的参考价值.     

基于喇曼散射测温系统温度标定问题的研究

主要研究了基于后向喇曼散射分布式光纤测温系统的温度标定问题.在讨论了系统稳定性和系统测温精度的基础上,提出了关于系统温度标定的一个结论.接着,对参考光纤不同状态和不同缠绕半径下的附加损耗进行了实验.在科学分析的前提下,给出了系统温度标定的实现方案.实际系统的设计过程证明:结论是正确、合理的,对此类系统设计具有一定的指导意义.      

Enhanced electromagnetic-interference shielding effectiveness and mechanical strength of Co-Ni coated aramid-carbon blended fabric

An efficient method was proposed to prepare high-performance conductive Aramid-Carbon Blend Fabrics (ACBF) with cobalt–nickel (Co-Ni) alloy coatings, which is conducive to industrial production. The grid-like substrate composed of aramid and carbon fibers was innovatively used in flexible Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding materials. The natural network structure is advantageous to the uniform deposition of metal particles to the establishment of conductive pathways subsequently in order to improve conductivity. The induction of a synergistic effect from Electromagnetic (EM) wave-reflection and EM wave-absorption through the whole carbon-Co-Ni-ternary system notably enhanced the EMI Shielding Effectiveness (SE) value to an average of 42.57 dB in the range of 30–6000 MHz. On the other hand, together with the inherent toughness of the alloy coatings, the tensile strength of the aramid fibers used for bulletproof made a significant contribution to the desired mechanical properties. The light weight of the resultant composite made it applicable to aerospace vehicles simultaneously. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to investigate the variations of elements and groups on the sample surface in pre-treating process. The elemental components and surface morphologies of fabric samples during different stages of the process were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive spectrometer (EDX) measurements. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the obtained Co-Ni alloy coating had a combined Hexagonal Closed-Packed (HCP) and Faced-Centered Cubic (FCC) crystalline phase. The relatively high corrosion resistance demonstrated in different acid and alkaline conditions was instrumental in more complex environments as well.     

热处理方式对石墨纤维性能的影响

研究了分步热处理对石墨纤维力学性能及微观结构的影响,并采用Raman光谱分析了石墨纤维的皮芯结构程度。结果发现:在相同处理条件下,分步热处理有利于石墨纤维拉伸强度和体密度的提高,而其对弹性模量的影响则较小。分步热处理所得石墨纤维的表面石墨化程度较低,内部石墨化程度较高,其皮芯结构因子较大,说明其均质性更好一些。因此,分步热处理有利于提高石墨纤维的致密性和均质性,从而提高其拉伸强度。     

FSK副载波光纤传输的灵敏度分析

在光纤传输系统中，副载波光纤传输是一种独特的传输方式，以ＭＩＬ－ＳＴＤ－１７７３年推荐的ＦＳＫ副载波光纤传输为例，对光接收机噪声及误率进行了分析，提出在色噪声情况下常规接收机的判决门限修正，为了简化计算起见，给出一种近似计算的方法，经计算，得到了副载波ＦＳＫ在不同接收机组态及码速率情况下的灵敏度曲线，并与常见的曼彻斯特码作了对比，分析了副载波光纤传输在不同场合时的性能。