双组元推力器雾化燃烧过程数值模拟及液膜冷却作用分析

在带有液膜冷却双组元推力器的设计过程中,对燃烧室的数值仿真是一项非常重要的工作.充分考虑了常被忽略或简化处理的推进剂雾化、液滴破碎、液膜形成等重要过程,选取EDC燃烧模型和realizable k-ε湍流模型,采用有限体积计算方法得到燃烧室内部液滴分布、液膜分布、静温分布等重要数据.最后,根据所得结果阐述了燃烧室内的详细工作过程,并着重分析了液膜的分布特点以及对壁面的冷却作用,得到了两个与液膜冷却相关的结论.     

燃气发生器喷注器内氧腔三维流动分析

采用计算流体力学方法数值模拟了某型液体火箭发动机燃气发生器氧腔内部流动,详细分析了氧腔内部的三维流动特性。从压力分布等方面分析了造成喷嘴流量分布不均匀的原因,并据此对发生器结构进行了改进,结果表明喷嘴流量分配均匀性得到了明显改善。     

燃烧室缝槽气膜冷却方案研究

针对超音速飞行器冲压发动机高马赫数、长航时的特点,结合工程计算方法和设计思想,建立了燃烧室缝槽气膜冷却过程一维计算模型,详细研究了各主要因素对气膜冷却效果的影响,并给出了某型冲压发动机高温燃烧室缝槽气膜冷却结构参考设计方案。结果表明,通过改善结构布局,合理分配缝隙冷气流量,可以有效地提高气膜冷却效果、降低壁温,适应高温燃气参数分布对隔热屏的热防护要求。     

进气道出口截面形式对补燃室掺混性能的影响研究

为研究进气道出口截面形式对补燃室掺混气动特性和燃烧性能的影响，本文对双下侧布局形式的固冲发动机内流场进行数值模拟，对比分析了补燃室相同压比下两种不同进气道出口截面形式在不考虑燃气的混合和反应时掺混段的气动特性和考虑燃气反应时补燃室的燃烧性能。结果表明：两股空气掺混过程中，研究的两种进气道出口截面方案的整体总压损失大致相同，但进气道圆形出口截面的掺混段内流线表现为不稳定的螺旋点形态，相比于方形出口截面的掺混段，其使气流掺混更剧烈，短距离内掺混已经很均匀，且旋流强度小；在考虑燃烧时，进气道圆形出口截面对应的补燃室出口总压恢复系数比方形截面的高约2%，方形进气道出口截面的补燃室出口截面总燃烧效率为95.58%，而圆形截面的达到99.86%。     

Analysis of oil shedding and ligaments formation on bearing rotary elements

For designing efficient lubrication system of an aeroengine bearing chamber, sufficient knowledge on oil/air two-phase flow characteristics is required. When analyzing bearing chamber two-phase flow, the essential prerequisite is quantifying the oil ligaments, which are detached from bearing rotary elements and shed into the bearing chamber. Related investigations are mainly targeted at liquid shedding on the rotating disk as opposed to the bearing rotary elements. Moreover, the research based on bearing rotary elements is conducted by experiment. Due to the limited operating conditions, experimental studies cannot guide engineering applications. To overcome these limitations, a theoretical model is established in this paper, for revealing the mechanism of oil shedding from bearing rotary elements and quantifying the shedding ligaments. The theoretical model is validated against experimental results from classical studies. In addition, the correlation for shedding ligaments number based on aeroengine bearing structural and operational parameters is obtained via theoretical analysis. The analytical results demonstrate that oil shedding and ligaments formation appear at the edge of bearing inner race outer-periphery. The number of shedding ligaments increases with the rise of shaft rotational speed while decreases with the growth of oil viscosity.     

肋参数对液氧甲烷发动机推力室强化换热的影响

为深入研究带肋推力室强化传热的机理，对带肋液氧/甲烷推力室的燃烧与再生冷却进行了流动与传热耦合分析，并针对不同肋高和肋数目进行了参数化分析。结果表明:引入等效平均热流密度的概念可以准确描述带肋推力室中的实际传热过程;平均热流密度总是随着肋数目的增加而减小，当肋高恒定时，由于总换热面积增大，等效平均热流密度会随着肋数目的增加而增大;而当总表面积恒定时，等效平均热流密度会随肋数目的增加而减小。此外，盲目地增大总换热面积并不一定能改善传热强化，甚至会在某些情况下恶化传热，因此在设计过程中也应该结合其他肋参数进行综合考虑。     

低温液体火箭燃烧室内射流雾化研究进展

从理论、实验和数值计算方面，阐述和总结了低温推进剂射流雾化的研究现状和进展。对射流雾化机理及形态进行了分类，重点从对比常温流体与低温流体射流雾化特征参数不同的角度，梳理了射流雾化方面的数值研究方法，并介绍了低温射流雾化的相关实验研究。结果表明:空气扰动破碎机理仍是最广为接受的理论，而超临界工况下射流雾化形态不符合现有的射流雾化分类；数值计算方法逐渐由流体体积法和水平集法向直接数值模拟转变，对闪蒸现象的建模是研究重难点之一；低温流体射流喷雾实验数据匮乏，需通过丰富测量手段，提高测量精度的途径获得完整、准确的实验数据。      

Pneumatic pressure control based on improved NMPC and its application to aeroengine surge simulation

In the semi-physical simulation of aeroengines, using the pneumatic pressure servo control technology to provide realistic pneumatic excitation to the sensors and electronic controller can improve the confidence of the simulation and reduce the test cost and risk. However, the existing methods could not satisfy the precise simulation of large-amplitude and high-frequency pulsating pressure during aeroengine surge. In this paper, a pneumatic pressure control system with asymmetric groups of the High-Speed on–off Valve (HSV) is designed, and an Improved Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (INMPC) method is proposed. First, the volumetric flow characteristics of HSV are tested and analyzed with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal input. Then, a simplified HSV model with the volume flow characteristic correction is developed. Based on these, an integrated model for the whole system is further established and used as the prediction model in INMPC. To improve the computational speed of the rolling optimization process, the mapping scheme from control signal to PWM duty cycle of HSVs and the objective function with exterior penalty function are designed. Finally, the random step, sinusoidal and real engine surge data are set as the reference pressure in multiple comparative experiments to verify the effectiveness of the pressure tracking system.     

An architecture decomposition method of pneumatic catapult system based on OPM and DSM

The architecture strategy of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) pneumatic launch system should continue to evolve to adapt to complex and variable operating environments. Architecture representation, decomposition perspective, and cluster analysis play a vital role in the early phase of system architecture development. In order for the system to emerge anticipated and desirable intrinsic functional properties, an architecture decomposition method based on the Object-Process Methodology (OPM) and Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is put forward in this paper. The OPM is proposed to model the UAV launch process formally, and the matrix representation of the architecture of the pneumatic launch system is established. After the extension of the definition and operations of DSM, with the Idicula-Gutierrez-Thebeau Algorithm plus (IGTA + ) clustering algorithm, the transformation of the pneumatic launch system architecture from process decomposition to function decomposition is demonstrated in this paper. The analysis shows that the architecture decomposition of the pneumatic launch system meets the functional requirements of stakeholders.     

燃料预加热对超声速剪切掺混的增强效果

随着高超声速飞行器不断朝着高马赫、宽速域方向发展，推进系统面临低动压的工作条件，对燃烧室内的流动掺混带来巨大挑战。针对碳氢燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室，本文研究了碳氢燃料预加热对超声速剪切掺混特性的影响机制，分析了温度与碳氢燃料热裂解对掺混特性的影响规律。研究发现，当碳氢燃料未发生热裂解反应时，燃料预加热会使射流黏性耗散增强从而掺混效率降低，燃料温度从750 K增加到900 K时，燃烧室掺混效率降低约5%、总压损失约增加20%；但燃料热裂解反应对剪切掺混有双重影响，裂解后的碳氢燃料膨胀性能提升，使喷嘴附近的掺混效率提高约18%；由于剪切层内流体湍动能下降，在远离喷嘴的位置掺混效率降低约6%。