基于能量平衡的平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计

为了在平流层飞艇推进系统高效率和轻质量需求的矛盾之中取得平衡,提出基于能量平衡的平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计方法。利用试验设计和代理模型技术分别建立了高空电动机、螺旋桨的主要设计参数与其效率和质量的代理模型。建立了包含太阳能电池和储能电池的飞艇能源系统质量计算模型。以整系统能量平衡和推阻平衡为约束,以推进与能源系统总质量最小为目标,借助多岛遗传算法构建了飞艇推进系统优化设计数学模型。对某型平流层飞艇推进系统进行了优化设计,结果表明:优化后的推进系统效率提升了23%,推进与能源系统总质量降低了340 kg,验证了该平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计方法的可行性和应用价值。     

毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性分析

为了研究毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性,借助电学诊断手段展开实验研究,获得了推力器典型放电波形,系统研究了不同毛细管内径和施加电压对等离子体等效阻抗、沉积能量效率的影响规律。利用微冲量测量台架,测试了不同参数下毛细管推力器输出元冲量,并通过计算获得了推力器比冲、总体效率的变化规律。实验结果表明,当毛细管内径不断增大时,能量沉积效率不断下降,元冲量下降,比冲降低。主电容电压增大时,放电能量不断增大,能量沉积效率降低,元冲量和单次等效烧蚀质量不断增大,但推力器比冲和总体效率均先增加并趋于稳定。当毛细管腔体长度为16mm,内径3mm,主电容2.5μF,充电电压为2kV时,输出元冲量350.79±7.50μN?s,比冲531s,总体效率可达18.3%。     

Effect of the seed perturbation amplitude on the equatorial spread F initiation during solar minimum

The contribution of gravity wave (GW) to the initiation/development of spread F during a solar minimum year was investigated through the comparison of the observed precursory parameters and characteristics of the corresponding equatorial spread F (ESF) events. The ionospheric parameters were recorded at the magnetic equatorial station Sao Luis (2.3°S, 44°W, dip latitude 2°S) during March and October 2010. These data were used to estimate the influence of the relative gravity wave amplitude and the ambient ionospheric condition on the diurnal variation of the spread F initiation. The vertical velocity drift indicated a clear control and defines the threshold for the seasonal variability of the ESF occurrence. However, it was insufficient to solely determine or predict the day to day variation of ESF occurrence. Thus, few days with contrasting ambient ionospheric condition and magnitude of GW amplitude were analysed in order to investigate the role of the different precursory factors in the observed diurnal variation of the plasma irregularity development. The density scale length and gravity wave amplitude were shown to immensely contribute to the linear instability growth rate, especially during the days with a low post-sunset rise. Thus, the experimental observations have demonstrated the strong inter-dependence between the precursory factors and they have also highlighted the probable control of the ESF morphology.     

适用于30cm离子推力器的5kW电源处理单元设计

为了满足更大范围的卫星应用需求,我国正在研制30cm离子推力器。30cm离子推力器瞄准全电推进卫星平台、近深空探测器对推进任务的需求,对提高卫星平台先进性和提升国际竞争力具有重要的意义。为了配合30cm离子推力器的研制,同时设计了输出功率达到5kW的电源处理单元。该设计实现了一种输出功率为1kW的模块,通过串联组合可以达到输出5kW功率要求,提出了一种"最佳"的平顶变换及软开关的全桥电路拓扑,达到了95%的转换效率,同时还能容易实现屏栅电源的N+1冗余设计。并且通过高压组件的完全灌封,有效提高产品的可靠性。     

国外空间推进技术现状和发展趋势

空间推进技术通常可分为常规化学推进、电推进、微推进和新型推进4大类。常规化学推进是目前航天器的主要推进方式,性能继续提升。电推进已成功证明其优势和可靠性,在各种卫星和深空探测器上大量应用,且朝更宽泛功率的方向发展。蓬勃发展的微小卫星对微小推力、小质量、低功耗的微推进提出了迫切需求。无毒化学推进、太阳帆推进、核推进等新型推进技术正在加紧研制或进行空间飞行试验。首先综述国外卫星和深空探测器等航天器的各类空间推进技术应用和研究现状,然后分析其发展趋势,最后提出对我国空间推进技术的发展建议。     

An in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope (LIBS) for Chandrayaan-2 rover: Ablation kinetics and emissivity estimations

A miniaturized in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope-LIBS is one of the two lunar rover payloads to be flown in India’s next lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, with an objective to carry-out a precise qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of lunar regolith at the proximity of the landing region. As per the imposed mission constraints and the executed design optimization studies, a compact and light-weight LIBS prototype model is developed at our premises. This paper mainly concerns with the estimation of theoretical aspects; especially on evaluation of elemental ablation parameters and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for the designed instrument. Theoretical estimations and simulations yielded an incident laser power density of the order of 5 × 10¹⁰ W/cm² on the target surface at a defined lens-to-surface distance (LTSD) of 200 mm and revealed an SNR > 100 for most of the elements under consideration. This paper also addresses the impact of LTSD variation on detection capability. The estimation of plasma-temperatures was carried out utilizing the emission spectra obtained under high vacuum environments employing the LIBS laboratory model. Experimental investigations and the performed theoretical estimations asserted the successful operation of the configured LIBS instrument for in situ elemental analyses on lunar surface.     

一种用于临近空间飞行器的吸气式电推进技术

针对低速临近空间飞行器提出了一种新型吸气式电推进方案,该方案采用单介质阻挡放电（SDBD）作为等离子体源,因此能在较大气压范围（数Pa~1atm）内电离大气产生等离子体并产生推力。为探究该吸气式电推进方案的推力性能,测量了实验样机在多个气压和电压条件下产生的推力。推力测量结果显示在10~90kPa气压范围内,实验样机产生的推力在10 2~10 3μN量级;气压一定时,产生的推力与驱动电压呈幂次相关;而电压一定时,随着气压自1atm逐渐降低,产生的推力先增大后减小,且达到最大推力的气压与所加驱动电压相关。     

时变等离子鞘套相位抖动对GPS导航的影响

飞行器再入过程中产生的时变等离子鞘套会引起信号的时变衰减和相位抖动,其产生的相位抖动对调相体制的GPS导航系统必然产生影响。探讨了时变等离子鞘套引起信号相位抖动的机理,通过传输矩阵法计算了由时变等离子鞘套引起GPS导航信号的相位抖动的统计特性,结合Hilbert方法建立了受到相位抖动影响的GPS信号模型,研究了黑障发生前等离子鞘套的相位抖动对GPS导航的影响。仿真结果表明GPS导航受到影响的程度和相位抖动方差大小密切相关。在NASA数据下相位抖动方差为0.1142时,定位变化大于10m的最大比例超出了1.5%,大于5m的最大比例超出了14%。     

Experimental investigation on ice-breaking performance of a novel plasma striker

Aircraft icing has long been a plague to aviation for its serious threat to flight safety.Recently, researches about a newly proposed deicing method based on Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuator(PSJA) have just started. To meet the requirements of in-flight deicing, structure of PSJA needs to be adjusted. This paper completed the detailed design and experimental validation of a novel plasma striker, which was a modified version of PSJA. Influences of mass of the moving part and rod shapes on the ice-br...     

航天器异种金属钎焊接头静态裂纹行为分析

采用高频感应钎焊方法连接了航天推进系统的异种金属(钛合金与不锈钢)薄壁小直径导管结构,结构的质量和性能远远优于螺栓连接的导管结构.钎焊接头静态拉伸试验发现,银基钎料钎焊的接头承载能力要优于铜基钎料.对静态拉伸断裂接头的微观组织进行了分析,结果发现,银基钎料钎焊的接头区域出现的裂纹仅在钎缝区域萌生和扩展,当裂纹扩展到钎缝与母材的界面位置时停止扩展.铜基钎料钎焊的接头区域的裂纹从3个位置萌生:钎缝2种组织的交界处,钎缝与钛合金、不锈钢的界面.裂纹驱动力主要是由静态拉伸载荷和异种金属钎焊接头失配行为构成的,而裂纹扩展抗力主要与钎焊接头的微观组织有关.