微型涡喷发动机自适应控制实验研究

针对微型涡喷发动机的非线性特性以及难以建立其准确数学模型的特点, 设计了一种自适应控制方案并加以工程实现.通过在模型参考自适应控制算法中采用死区鲁棒控制消除发动机建模误差和外界干扰对控制系统稳定性的影响;同时引入前馈补偿, 既保证发动机转速实时跟踪参考模型输出, 又避免了纯自适应控制容易产生控制信号的饱和以及高自适应增益导致的系统振荡.台架试车验证表明:该方法实时性良好, 在最大转速达125 000 r/min的全工作范围内表现出较好的鲁棒性, 最大超调量小于500 r/min, 稳态误差小于200 r/min, 可以满足微型涡喷发动机状态调节的需要.      

弯曲及局部修型对大折转角扩压叶栅性能的影响

通过数值模拟对具有51°叶型折转角的环形扩压叶栅进行了研究.将外流飞行器上控制附面层流动的基本思想和修型措施应用于弯叶片的局部修型, 结合近壁面附面层流动和总压损失对比分析了大折转角扩压叶栅采用直叶片、弯叶片和局部修型弯叶片的气动性能.结果表明:在大折转角、高亚声速气流进口条件下, 局部修型弯叶片能更有效的控制大逆压梯度下叶栅内附面层的发展, 提高叶栅气动性能.      

复合材料层合板疲劳逐渐累积损伤寿命预测方法

针对疲劳载荷作用下的纤维增强复合材料层合板, 发展了疲劳逐渐累积损伤寿命预测方法.该方法主要包括应力分析、失效分析及材料性能下降三部分.其中, 应力分析是通过三维有限元数值分析技术实现的;失效分析采用改进的Hashin静态失效准则判断疲劳损伤的产生和扩展;材料性能是基于突降和渐降两种准则进行退化的.所发展的方法可以预测不同铺层顺序、不同几何尺寸的复合材料层合结构在疲劳载荷下的损伤起始、扩展、直至结构最终破坏整个过程, 并预测其疲劳寿命.同时, 在ANSYS软件平台上, 开发了相应的参数化复合材料层板结构的疲劳逐渐损伤分析程序.与已有文献结果比较, 误差在10%以内.      

Statistical description of low-latitude plasma blobs as observed by DMSP F15 and KOMPSAT-1

The global distribution of low-latitude plasma blobs was investigated by in-situ plasma density measurements from the Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-1 (KOMPSAT-1) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15. In the observations, blobs occurred in the longitude sector where the activity of the equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) was appreciable, and additional blobs were found at the lower (KOMPSAT-1) altitude as in the EPBs. However, several notable differences exist between the distributions of EPBs and blobs. First, KOMPSAT-1 found few blobs around 0°E in March and June, as did DMSP F15 from 30°W to 120°E for every season. Second, the overall occurrences in December and March at the DMSP F15 (840 km) altitude were somewhat lower than expected from those of the EBPs. Third, at the DMSP F15 altitude, the occurrence probability of plasma blobs was less controlled by yearly variations in the solar activity. These results imply that topside ionospheric conditions as well as the existence of EPBs control further development of blobs. Additionally, it was found that the blob latitudes became higher as the yearly solar activity increased. Moreover, most of the blobs were encountered in the winter hemisphere, possibly due to the low ambient density.     

A 2-D comparison of ionospheric convection derived from SuperDARN and DMSP measurements

Ion drift vectors measured by the DMSP satellites are compared with plasma convection vectors obtained by the SuperDARN HF radars through the standard Map Potential algorithm of Ruohoniemi and Baker [Ruohoniemi, M., Baker, K.B. Large-scale imaging of high-latitude convection with super dual auroral radar network HF radar observations. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 20797–20811, 1998]. Despite significant data spread, the agreement can be qualified as reasonable for a data set comprising of 149 satellite passes over the Northern Hemisphere at high latitudes. The slope of the best-fit line relating SuperDARN and DMSP velocity magnitudes is of the order of 0.3 with a tendency for the SuperDARN velocities to be smaller. The agreement between the azimuths of the ion drift and convection is better with the slope of the best-fit line being close to 1. It is shown that consistency between the radar and satellite measurements is much better if the SuperDARN line-of-sight velocities are compared with the DMSP cross-track ion drifts for events showing slow spatial and temporal variations of the convection. If areas of strong convection changes are included into comparison, the degree of agreement deteriorates drastically. This result implies that differences in the spatial and temporal resolutions of DMSP and SuperDARN measurements are crucial factors contributing to the observed discrepancies. In addition, some differences are introduced when the SuperDARN line-of-sight velocities are filtered and reprocessed into vectors with the application of a background convection model.     

RPC-MIP: the Mutual Impedance Probe of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The main objective of the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), is to measure the electron density and temperature of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s coma, in particular inside the contact surface. Furthermore, MIP will determine the bulk velocity of the ionised outflowing atmosphere, define the spectral distribution of natural plasma waves, and monitor dust and gas activities around the nucleus. The MIP instrumentation consists of an electronics board for signal processing in the 7 kHz to 3.5 MHz range and a sensor unit of two receiving and two transmitting electrodes mounted on a 1-m long bar. In addition, the Langmuir probe of the RPC/LAP instrument that is at about 4 m from the MIP sensor can be used as a transmitter (in place of the MIP ones) and MIP as a receiver in order to have access to the density and temperature of plasmas at higher Debye lengths than those for which the MIP is originally designed.     

喷流反压模拟技术及在高超声速进气道实验中的应用

为研究高超声速进气道的反压特性以及不起动/再起动特性,提出了一种凹腔喷流反压模拟技术,在实验过程中通过控制阀门的开度可方便地且迅速地调节进气道的出口反压.利用该技术,还对一种马赫数为7级的轴对称高超声速的反压特性及不起动/再起动特性进行了研究,展示了该技术的实用性.结果表明:(1)所提出的凹腔喷流技术可在进气道下游形成较为均匀的、可控的背压环境,因此可用于进气道的反压特性研究;(2)适当调节凹腔的喷流总压,并在实验中实时控制阀门的开度,凹腔喷流技术能够在较短的风洞实验时间内(约8 s)实现进气道起动、不起动、再起动流态之间的切换,因此可用于进气道的不起动/再起动特性研究.      

电子环束流对航天器表面电位和等离子体鞘层的影响

采用二维三分量静电粒子模拟程序研究了电子环束流对低轨道磁化等离子体中运行的航天器表面电位和等离子体鞘层结构的影响.当有电子束流平行磁场入射时,航天器表面所带负电位的绝对值将增大.电子束流的速度和密度的增加将使航天器表面负电位绝对值增加很快.与此同时等离子体鞘层的尺度也将增大,形状将由向尾部延伸的“泪滴”状变成向两侧展开的“机翼”状.当电子环束流以相对于磁场成一定角度斜入射时,由于磁场的约束作用,航天器表面负电位的绝对值将随入射角增大而减小.      

小功率电弧等离子体发动机试验及性能研究

电推进技术已应用于航天的多个领域,电弧等离子体发动机（Arcjet)因其高比冲、高推力／功率比以及大的推进剂选择范围等特点成为当前国际上电火箭研究和应用的热点。文章总结小功率Arcjet实验及性能研究,介绍了实验研究系统的主要组成,给出初步的发动机工作性能参数及实验结果分析。     

具有离散出气孔的旋转盘冷却效果的实验

为了获得中心进气的冷气对具有离散出气孔的旋转盘的冷却效果,分别采用热色液晶和热电偶来测量转盘表面温度分布。影响冷却效果的主要因素是旋转雷诺数和冷气流量系数,分析了其对无量纲过余表面平均温度和无量纲径向表面温差的影响。随着旋转雷诺数和进气流量系数增加,转盘无量纲过余表面平均温度和无量纲径向表面温差全都下降。转盘上的通孔有利于对转盘的冷却,并且转盘通孔的尺寸越大,冷气对转盘的冷却效果越好。