Total electron content of the ionosphere at two stations in East Africa during the 24–25 October 2011 geomagnetic storm

The equatorial ionosphere has been known to become highly disturbed and thus rendering space-based navigation unreliable during space weather events, such as geomagnetic storms. Modern navigation systems, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) use radio-wave signals that reflect from or propagate through the ionosphere as a means of determining range or distance. Such systems are vulnerable to effects caused by geomagnetic storms, and their performance can be severely degraded. This paper analyses total electron content (TEC) and the corresponding GPS scintillations using two GPS SCINDA receivers located at Makerere University, Uganda (Lat: 0.3^o N; Lon: 32.5^o E) and at the University of Nairobi, Kenya (Lat: 1.3^o S; Lon: 36.8^o E), both in East Africa. The analysis shows that the scintillations actually correspond to plasma bubbles. The occurrence of plasma bubbles at one station was correlated with those at the other station by using observations from the same satellite. It was noted that some bubbles develop at one station and presumably “die off” before reaching the other station. The paper also discusses the effects of the geomagnetic storm of the 24–25 October 2011 on the ionospheric TEC at the two East African stations. Reductions in the diurnal TEC at the two stations during the period of the storm were observed and the TEC depletions observed during that period showed much deeper depletions than on the non-storm days. The effects during the storm have been attributed to the uplift of the ionospheric plasma, which was then transported away from this region by diffusion along magnetic field lines.     

稳态等离子体推力器羽流仿真及其对微波的衰减和相移作用

为了评估稳态等离子体推力器（SPT）羽流对微波造成的衰减和相位变化,使用二维轴对称的PIC-DSMC方法,在空间及室压6mPa的真空舱两种环境下,计算了SPT-100羽流场中的电子分布。在此基础上,通过分析特征频率和计算衰减因子、相位常数,估算了2,4,8,12.5GHz共4个频率微波穿过羽流场时的衰减量和相移。8GHz和12.5GHz微波未发现明显的衰减,相移为10°～120°。2GHz和4GHz微波在喷口附近衰减量范围为10～50dB。仿真结果表明,C波段和S波段在SPT羽流中容易发生衰减,而X波段以上的高频微波衰减量很小,同时这几个波段微波均发生较大相移。真空舱内6mPa背压下对衰减量的预测仅略高于实际飞行情况,但微波相移会有较大误差。     

Numerical Simulation for the 16 August 1999 EUV Brightenings

The 16 August 1999 EUV brightenings are numerically simulated by a third-order upwind compact scheme, basing on the TRACE observation. The present simulation can give a possible explanation to its formation and evolution. The numerical results show that the initial reconnection jets at around X-point are responsible for the occurrence of EUV brightening. The strong and superposed ejections caused by the first and second coalescence of magnetic islands are possibly related to the lifted material which initially appeared as absorption features and Later EUV-emitting structures respectively. The bi-directional reconnection jets may correspond to the lifted material that either continued to move upward along the apparently open field lines or fell down to the surface.      

后缘喷流对三角翼前缘涡的影响

本实验应用染色液流动显示技术和激光测速技术 (LDV)研究了 6 0°后掠三角翼在后缘差动喷流、对称喷流情况下前缘涡破裂位置、涡核的空间分布、涡核的速度分布以及三角翼背风面流动结构随迎角的演化等。实验结果表明 ,喷流增大了三角翼前缘涡涡核保持高速度的区域 ,推迟了涡核减速的位置 ,在大迎角情况下 ,对称喷流有助于消除由前缘涡振荡引起的“摇滚”现象。     

旋转对冲击射流流动及换热影响的数值研究

为了探究旋转对动叶前缘冲击射流流动及换热的影响机制,采用数值模拟的方法对比分析了静止条件和三种不同旋转转速下的流场结构与换热情况.结果表明:冲击靶面的平均努塞尔数随转速的增大而减小,最高转速下,靶面平均努塞尔数下降约16％.另一方面,压力面和吸力面侧对旋转的敏感性不同.高转速下,换热的削弱主要集中在吸力面和压力面无量纲...     

高背压等离子点火器及其液体燃料点火特性实验研究

航天应用的液体火箭发动机及燃烧型加热器燃烧室室压高、燃料流量大、温度低、有重复启动需求,实现安全可靠点火的难度较大.针对这些需求,研究了一种采用高背压设计的电弧等离子体点火器.实验研究了Ar,N2气体工质在高进气压力下的伏安特性,发现N2在宽压力范围内适用于点火.发射光谱分析表明,在高达数MPa的进气压力下,Ar,N2...     

Ground and satellite-based observations of ionospheric plasma bubbles and blobs at 5.65° latitude in the Brazilian sector

This investigation uses simultaneous observations from all-sky imager system and an ionosonde collocated at Araguatins (5.65° S, 48.07° W and dip-latitude of 4.17° S), a near-equatorial region in Brazil. These simultaneous observations were used to investigate the occurrence of plasma bubbles and blobs in the field of the imaging system and their association with atypical range Spread-F signature in ionograms. Also, in-situ observation of plasma density from Swarm satellites were used to support the ground-based observations. Using a few cases, a methodology will be established to identify in the plasma blobs (atypical ESF) in the ionograms when there is the simultaneous observation of plasma bubbles and blobs in the field of view of the ionosonde. For this purpose, simultaneous sequence of OI 630.0 nm nightglow images and ionograms are presented for different case studies; 1. when there is the absence of a plasma bubble or blob, 2. when there is only the occurrence of plasma bubbles and 3. when there is the occurrence of plasma bubbles and blobs, in order to compare traces in the ionogram in all these case studies. With these we can cover all kinds of signatures in the ionograms corresponding to no irregularities, plasma bubbles only and plasma bubbles-blobs. These OI 630.0 nm nightglow and ionograms recorded simultaneously make it possible to establish a novel methodology to recognize in ionograms cases when there is the occurrence of Spread-F signature associated with bubble-blob in the FOV of the ionosonde.     

研究原子氧对空间材料效应的氧等离子体试验装置

介绍我所研制成的一台评价原子氧对空间材料效应的高频放电氧等离子体试验装置的结构和性能.对Kapton试样的测试表明:用这种装置试验的结果与美国洛克希德公司装置的测试结果相当.其作用强度相当于200km高度轨道中原子氧作用强度的4倍以上.     

电弧加热发动机的实验研究

介绍一种低功率电弧加热发动机系统的实验研究。该系统包括电源，点火系统，推进剂供给系统，发动机本体和一些测量设备。用氮和氩对不同的喷口喉道直径（０．６ｍｍ～１ｍｍ），不同的质量流率（２０ｍｇ／ｓ～１００ｍｇ／ｓ），不同的电源电压（８０Ｖ～１５０Ｖ）进行了性能研究。所有试验都是在直径为１ｍ，长为１．６ｍ的真空室内进行的     

等离子体在军事上的应用

简要介绍了等离子体的特性及其在现代战争中的应用。着重讨论了等离子体在隐身技术、巡航导弹防御中的应用 ,另外还分析了以等离子体作为动力的等离子体火箭和等离子体武器的原理。