考虑陀螺效应的转子动力学相似准则

针对考虑陀螺力矩的转子系统缩尺相似模型与原型是否满足动力学相似的问题,采用量纲分析法推导了考虑陀螺力矩的转子-简单支撑系统相似准则,得到了模型与原型各物理量相似比.通过求解不同相似比下Jeffcott转子系统临界转速的解析解,和利用有限元软件ANSYS对某转子系统临界转速和振型相似性进行了数值模拟,验证了所推导的考虑陀螺力矩转子系统相似准则的正确性.研究表明:考虑陀螺力矩、简单支撑和Rayleigh比例阻尼的转子系统,在相似转速下缩尺模型与原型的固有频率具有相似性,并且临界转速相似.      

商用飞机成本指数方法及其案例研究

成本指数功能是现代商用飞机设计中不可或缺的功能之一,是航空公司实际运营过程中节约成本的有效手段。描述了商用飞机成本指数和经济飞行速度的定义与计算方法,并选取了典型支线飞机作为案例,验证了该计算方法的正确性和实用性。可用于航空公司实际飞机运营和飞机制造商经济飞行速度功能的开发。     

应用傅里叶时间谱方法求解二维跨音速流动问题解的精度研究

为了从时间离散精度的角度评估傅里叶时间谱方法的实际计算效率,对用该方法求解二维跨音速流动问题的解进行了精度研究。通过求解Euler方程模拟俯仰振动NACA0012翼型的周期性非定常流动。结果表明:傅里叶时间谱方法可以使用很大的时间间隔较为准确地模拟有激波存在的周期性跨音速流动;对于此类流动问题,相比二阶向后差分公式法,傅里叶时间谱方法在预测翼型表面压力系数积分量特别是升力系数的时间变化规律方面具有明显的计算效率优势;用于模拟翼型表面压力系数自身的时间变化规律时,傅里叶时间谱方法具有不低于二阶向后差分公式法的计算效率。     

基于拟动力学的航空发动机主轴球轴承热弹流润滑分析

以航空发动机主轴球轴承高速高温重载典型工况为算例,基于轴承拟动力学分析,得到滚动体与套圈之间的微接触区运动和受力状态,分别用Hamrock-Dowson(H-D)拟合公式和翟文杰热修正公式计算了最小膜厚(MFT),同时结合热弹流润滑分析得到最小膜厚分布,对比了试验测试、H-D拟合、翟文杰热修正和热弹流润滑分析4种算法的最小膜厚,并根据膜厚比判定了轴承的弹流润滑状态.结果表明:H-D拟合和翟文杰热修正最小膜厚与试验测试结果相差较远,热弹流润滑分析结果与试验数据吻合性较好,误差10%以内;探讨了不同工况下的轴承弹流润滑性能.结果表明:存在径向载荷时,润滑膜整体压力增大,膜厚减小;随着转速增大,压力减小,膜厚增大,但是增大的趋势减缓.      

高速风洞模型支撑方式研究

为了合理选择模型支撑形式,在高速风洞进行了直支杆与Z 支杆两种支撑形式的支架干扰研究试验。结果发现,支架对模型带来不可忽略的干扰量,两种支撑形式对升力、阻力与力矩的干扰量随迎角基本上呈线性变化;直支杆由于距离模型较近,对模型尾部带来较大的影响。而Z 支杆对模型尾部影响较小,在全机与无尾两种状态下的干扰量较为相近。     

A new steering approach for VSCMGs with high precision

A new variable speed control moment gyro (VSCMG) steering law is proposed in order to achieve higher torque precision. The dynamics of VSCMGs is established, and two work modes are then designed according to command torque:control momentum gyro (CMG)/reaction wheel (RW) hybrid mode for the large torque case and RW single mode for the small. When working in the CMG/RW hybrid mode, the steering law deals with the gimbal dead-zone nonlinearity through compensation by RW sub-mode. This is in contrast to the conventional CMG singularity avoidance and wheel speed equalization, as well as the proof of definitely hyperbolic singular property of the CMG sub-mode. When working in the RW single mode, the motion of gimbals will be locked. Both the transition from CMG/RW hybrid mode to RW single mode and the reverse are studied. During the transition, wheel speed equalization and singularity avoidance of both the CMG and RW sub-modes are considered. A steering law for the RWs with locked gimbals is presented. It is shown by simulations that the VSCMGs with this new steering law could reach a better torque precision than the normal CMGs in the case of both large and small torques.     

A dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers

Inertial navigation system/visual navigation system (INS/VNS) integrated navigation is a commonly used autonomous navigation method for planetary rovers. Since visual measurements are related to the previous and current state vectors (position and attitude) of planetary rovers, the performance of the Kalman filter (KF) will be challenged by the time-correlation problem. A state augmentation method, which augments the previous state value to the state vector, is commonly used when dealing with this problem. However, the augmenting of state dimensions will result in an increase in computation load. In this paper, a state dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated nav-igation method based on coordinates of feature points is presented that utilizes the information obtained through INS/VNS integrated navigation at a previous moment to overcome the time rel-evance problem and reduce the dimensions of the state vector. Equations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to demonstrate the equivalence of calculated results between the proposed method and traditional state augmented methods. Results of simulation and experimentation indicate that this method has less computational load but similar accuracy when compared with traditional methods.     

2m量级高速风洞强迫振动动导数试验技术研究

为满足大型运输机、先进战斗机、推进与机体一体化布局等现代高性能飞行器动导数风洞试验研究的需求,基于小振幅强迫振动动导数试验原理,在中国空气动力研究与发展中心2 m 量级高速风洞(FL-26和 FL-28)建立了一套俯仰、滚转及偏航的三通道动导数试验技术。在试验系统研制过程中,首先采用强度高、刚性好的航空轻质铝材和复合材料解决了亚跨超声速条件下大尺度试验模型研制问题;其次,结合动力学和运动学仿真分析手段,实现并优化了大载荷试验装置传动机构设计以及α、β耦合双转轴支撑结构设计的难题;最后,在测控系统研制部分,通过电机选取、电磁干扰屏蔽、滤波器设计等技术手段进一步提高了测试系统的精度。试验系统设计技术指标Ma=0.4~4.25,迎角α=-35°~35°,侧滑角β=-15°~15°,传动机构法向承载载荷≤10000 N。SDM 标模的验证试验结果表明,直接阻尼导数与文献值一致性较好,重复性试验数据误差基本控制在10%以内。目前,该项试验技术已经成功应用于某大型飞机模型的动导数风洞试验。     

Seasonally steady planetary disturbances in the troposphere and stratosphere as seen in 30 years of NCEP reanalysis data

Zonal velocity and temperature daily global reanalysis data of 30 years are used to search seasonally steady planetary disturbances in the middle troposphere (400 hPa) and middle stratosphere (10 hPa). Significant wavenumber 1, 2 and 3 modes are found. Constant phase lines of zonal velocity 1 modes exhibit significant inclination angles with respect to the meridians. The winter hemisphere generally shows a more significant presence of structures. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) exhibits all over the year a larger amount of structures and more intense amplitudes than the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Middle latitudes exhibit the most significant cases and low latitudes the least significant ones. Longitudinally oriented land–sea transitions at ±$\pm$65° and −35° latitudes appear to play a significant role for the presence of steady planetary modes. The stratosphere exhibits a much simpler picture than the troposphere. Large scale structures with respectively NE–SW (NH) and NW–SE (SH) tilts in the observed temperature and zonal velocity constant phase lines recall the quasi-stationary Rossby wave trains that favor the poleward transport of angular momentum.     

深空再入返回飞行仿真及工程应用分析

深空高速再入对返回技术提出了许多新的挑战.采用传统弹道式返回,将使返回器面临残酷的气动热环境,同时需要解决落点偏差大的问题;采用新的预测制导返回技术需要解决返回过程的航迹规划、制导和姿态控制问题.根据球冠倒锥外形飞行器在大气层内再入飞行时的受力情况建立飞行器的动力学模型,然后对弹道式返回和预测制导返回两种飞行方案进行仿真,最后围绕返回飞行总体特性参数和返回方式的技术要求等进行工程应用分析,为深空返回的工程实践提供指导.