下一代数据中继卫星系统发展思考

通过系统阐述中继卫星系统的发展过程,给出了主要国家和组织的中继卫星系统技术体制和现状.再结合卫星、载人航天器和深空探索的未来发展趋势,分析了下一代中继卫星系统的发展需求.在此基础上,从体系结构、卫星平台、链路调制体制、网络协议等方面,探讨并给出了下一代中继卫星系统的发展趋势和技术途径.为满足未来近地、深空航天任务,以及临近、低空快速移动用户的不同要求,节约系统成本,下一代中继卫星系统将向专业化和与其他系统融合的方向发展:星间链路将增加激光链路,数据速率可达到10 Gbit/s以上;多址业务成为主用,同时支持用户数能力将极大提高;对于链路调制体制,在采用CR(Cognitive Radio,认知无线电)和SDR(Software Defined Radio,软件定义无线电)技术的基础上,可实现实时自适应调整和根据需求加载配置;数据传输将采用网络化方式,天地间构成一体化DTN(Delay Tolerant Network,容延迟网络).     

基于贝叶斯理论的激光陀螺可靠性评估

激光陀螺是一种由多种元器件组成的高可靠性、长寿命的光电器件,在可靠性评估中,可以依据最小薄弱环节定理,基于传统寿命试验,建立激光威布尔分布可靠性模型;但是由于其高可靠性的特点,在可靠性寿命试验中常常得不到失效数据,应用传统的参数评估方法不能对威布尔分布中的未知参数进行估计.贝叶斯原理得到各个时刻的失效概率,进而建立参数的线性回归模型对威布尔模型中的未知参数进行估计,从而得出激光陀螺的可靠性指标,最后对此种方法进行了验证.该方法中贝叶斯估计结合经验信息大大减小了试验样本数,且克服了传统可靠性评估方法依赖失效数据的缺点,在工程应用上具有很高的价值,结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于非线性双通MZI的多波长掺铒光纤激光器

提出了一种基于非线性双通MZI光纤滤波器的波长间隔可切换多波长掺铒光纤激光器.非线性双通MZI光纤滤波器除了多通滤波作用还具有功率均衡作用,能有效抑制掺铒光纤的增益竞争,从而实现室温下多波长稳定激射.通过合理调整激光腔内的偏振态,分别实现了0.2 nm和0.4 nm密集波长间隔可切换的多波长激光输出,两种状态下的激光波长个数分别为44个和25个,测量可得激光光信噪比分别高于14 dB和30dB.     

一种基于激光捷联惯组的定瞄一体化系统设计

针对武器系统任意点随机发射和“ 停下即打” 目标的需求, 提出了一种基 于激光捷联惯组的定瞄一体化系统设计方案。系统由以激光捷联惯组为核心的车载定位 导航单元和以光管为核心的光学传递单元组成。由里程计、高程计、电子地图及卫星系 统辅助激光捷联惯组实现较高精度的定位导航功能。通过与车载定位导航单元刚性固联 的光学传递单元,采用光学传递方式实现与外部设备的瞄准,瞄准结果通过车载定位导 航单元完成。系统首次将定位瞄准实现一体化集成,在不损失水平瞄准精度的情况下, 降低了对瞄准环境的要求,达到预期效果。     

小型化集成超荧光光纤光源研究

对超荧光光纤光源（ASE 光源） 的原理与结构进行分析。研究了高掺杂 ASE 光源的团簇效应,并进行结构设计。对输出光谱进行平坦化处理,对影响光源输出 光谱稳定性的几个因素进行了定性分析,为研究小型化集成化超荧光光纤光源提供了理 论基础。     

Influence mechanism of machining angles on force induced error and their selection in five axis bullnose end milling

In the machining of complicated surfaces, the cutters with large length/diameter ratios are used widely and the deformation of the machining system is one of the principal error sources. During the process planning stage, the cutting direction angle, the cutter lead and tilt angles are usually optimized to minimize the force induced error. It may lead to a low machining efficiency for bullnose end mills, as the material removal rates are different largely for different machining angles. In this paper, the influence mechanism of the machining angles on the force induced error is studied based on the models of the instantaneous cutting force when the cutter flute traveling through the cutting contact point and the stiffness of the machining system. In order to evaluate the machining angles, the force induced error/efficiency indicator (FEI) is defined as the division of the force induced error and the equal volume sphere of the removed material. FEI is dimensionless, with the lower FEI, the lower force induced error and the higher machining efficiency. For optimal selection of the machining angles, the critical FEI is calculated with the constraint of force induced error and the desired material removal rate, and the critical FEI separate the set of the machining angles into two subsets. After the feed rate scheduling process, the machining angles in the optimal subset would have higher machining accuracy and efficiency, while the machining angles in the other subset have lower machining accuracy and efficiency. Through the machining experiment of five axis machining and freeform surface machining, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed FEI method is verified with a bullnose end mill, which can improve the machining efficiency with the constraint of force induced error.     

Spectral filter for signal identification in the kHz SLR measurements of the fast spinning satellite Ajisai

The high repetition rate satellite laser ranging (SLR) measurements to the fast spinning satellites contain a frequency signal caused by the rotational motion of the corner cube reflector (CCR) array. The spectral filter, developed here, is based on the Lomb algorithm, and is tested with the simulated and the observed high repetition rate SLR data of the geodetic satellite Ajisai (spin period ∼2 s). The filter allows for the noise elimination from the SLR data, and for identification of the returns from the single CCRs of the array – even for the low return rates. Applying the spectral filter to the simulated SLR data increases the S/N ratio by a factor 40–45% for all return rates. Filtering out the noise from the observed data strengthens the frequency signal by factor of ∼25 for the low return rates, which significantly helps to determine the spin phase of the satellite. The spectral filter is applied to the Graz SLR data and the spin rates of Ajisai are determined by two different methods: the frequency analysis and the phase determination of the spinning retroreflector array.The analysis of more than 8 years of the Graz SLR measurements indicates an exponential spin rate trend: f = 0.67034 exp(−0.0148542 Y) [Hz], RMS = 0.085 mHz, where Y is the year since launch. The highly accurate spin rate information demonstrates periodic changes related to the precession of the orbital plane of Ajisai, as it determines the amount of energy received by the satellite from the Sun. The rate of deceleration of Ajisai is not constant: the half life period of the satellite’s spin oscillates around 46.7 years with an amplitude of about 5 years.     

Modeling geomagnetically induced currents in Hokkaido,Japan

In this paper a model for computing geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) from local geomagnetic field observations carried out in Hokkaido, Japan is constructed. The model is composed of system parameters mapping the horizontal geoelectric field to GIC and of 1D conductivity model. A rigorous model validation is used to show that the model reproduces the observed GIC with a very good accuracy.     

Effects of strong geomagnetic storms on Northern railways in Russia

Seventeen severe magnetic storms occurred in the period 2000 through 2005. In addition there was a major magnetic storm in March 1989. During each of these storms there was an anomaly in the operation of the system of Signalization, Centralization and Blockage (SCB) in some divisions of the high-latitude (∼58 to 64°N) Russian railways. This anomaly was revealed as false traffic light signals about the occupation of the railways. These signals on the Northern railways appeared exactly during the main phases of the strongest part of the geomagnetic storms characterized by high geomagnetic indices Dst and Kp (Ap). Moreover, the durations of these anomalies coincided with the period of the greatest geomagnetic disturbances in a given event. Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) during significant strengthening of geomagnetic activity are concluded as the obvious reasons for such kind of anomalies.     

美国空军未来的装备与技术——2010"技术地平线"报告分析

介绍了美国空军2010年发布的"技术地平线"的出台背景、主要内容.并根据该研究报告浅析了美国空军未来的装备与技术趋向.