新型铝锂合金AA2198高频疲劳红外热耗散演化规律

利用红外成像技术开展新型铝锂合金AA2198高频疲劳（100 Hz）热耗散演化规律研究,发现不同应力条件下疲劳热耗散呈现上下波动特征,试件平均温度随着加载应力的提升有增加的趋势,但升温现象并不明显,不同应力条件下温度变化幅值小于1℃。疲劳试验初期和疲劳断裂时伴随着急剧升温过程,提出的能量转化理论模型合理解释了疲劳热耗散演化过程。研究还发现,喷丸强化在试件表面形成的残余压应力有助于激发疲劳裂纹的闭合效应,对试件的升温过程具有抑制作用。     

Effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor

The effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor are investigated. A combustor test rig is designed to simulate the pressure drop characteristics of a practical annular combustor. The pressure drop characteristics are firstly measured under atmosphere condition with non-reacting flow (or cold flow), and the air mass flow proportion of each component (dome/liner) are obtained; these properties are base lines for comparison with combustion state. The combustion tests are then carried out under conditions of inlet temperature 340–450 K, fuel air ratio 0.010–0.028. The stability map and the oscillation frequencies are obtained in the tests, the results show that pressure oscillation amplitude increases with the increase of fuel air ratio. Phase trajectory reconstruction is applied to classify the pressure oscillation motion; there are three motions captured in the tests including: “disk”, “ring” and “cluster”. The pressure drops across the dome under strong pressure oscillation are distinctly divergent from the cold flow, and the changes of pressure drops are mainly affected by pressure oscillation amplitude, but is less influenced by pressure oscillation motion nor oscillation frequencies. Based on the mass flow conservation, the reduction of effective flow area of combustor under strong pressure oscillation is demonstrated. Liner wall temperatures are analyzed through Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method to estimate the reduction of the air mass flow proportion of the liner cooling under strong pressure oscillation. Finally, the air mass flow proportions of each component under strong pressure oscillation are estimated, the results show that the pressure oscillation motion also has influence on air mass flow proportion.     

X-37B的发展现状及空气动力技术综述

X-37B的研制和试验国内外一直高度关注。X-37B作为跨大气层飞行器,从空气动力技术角度分析其研究工作很有意义。介绍了X-37B的发展历程,分析了战略用途,并重点介绍了涉及的一些关键气动技术,如气动布局设计优化、气动舵面/RCS/O MS复合控制设计、热防护技术、气动辅助变轨技术等,对其利用三大手段开展的研究工作也作了简要介绍,最后简要总结了X-37B研制过程中的一些经验教训。     

兰州空间技术物理研究所电推进新进展

兰州空间技术物理研究所是我国电推进技术研究和产品研制的主要单位。2014年兰州空间技术物理研究所在电推进发展中取得了多方面的重要进展,分别从空间飞行试验、型号产品研制、新产品开发、专业技术基础研究等方面进行了总结性的系统介绍。空间飞行试验包括了SJ-9A卫星离子电推进系统和XY-2卫星霍尔电推进系统,型号产品研制包括了DFH-3B平台首发卫星LIPS-200离子电推进系统、DFH-5卫星平台和全电推进卫星平台的LIPS-300离子电推进系统及LEO大型航天器主动电位控制系统,正在研发的新产品包括LIPS-200+,LIPS-100和LIPS-400等离子推力器及LHT-140霍尔推力器,电推进专业技术基础研究工作主要包括栅极组件工作寿命分析及概率性评估、放电室性能分析及优化以及基于等离子体能量沉积的推力器热分析等。     

间接热控在高分辨率光学遥感器恒温控制中的应用

针对高分辨率光学遥感器(以下简称高分遥感器)恒温控制要求的不断提高,文章分析了传统热控技术的优势与不足,提出采用间接热控技术进行大口径高分遥感器恒温控制的设计方法,并结合某高分遥感器的热控要求、关键部件的热控设计方案,详细阐述了间接热控技术的技术特点与实现途径。仿真分析结果及试验数据表明,间接热控技术能够满足遥感器的恒温控制需求,可以实现高分遥感器光学系统及主要结构的恒温控制精度优于±0.3℃。     

Venus atmospheric platform options revisited

Various balloon systems intended as scientific platforms to float in the atmosphere of Venus at altitudes between about 35 and 65 km are briefly reviewed. Previous predictions of the altitude oscillations of balloons filled with helium gas and water vapor are largely confirmed through numerical simulation and analysis. The need for refined thermal modelling is emphasised. Several novel technical concepts are introduced. It is concluded that phase change balloons would be more suitable than non-condensing super pressure gas balloons when repeated altitude excursions are a mission requirement.     

The dynamic heliosphere,solar activity,and cosmic rays

This brief review addresses the relation between solar activity, cosmic ray variations and the dynamics of the heliosphere. The global features of the heliosphere influence what happens inside its boundaries on a variety of time-scales. Galactic and anomalous cosmic rays are the messengers that convey vital information on global heliospheric changes in the manner that they respond to these changes. By observing cosmic rays over a large range of energies at Earth, and with various space detectors, a better understanding is gained about space weather and climate. The causes of the cosmic ray variability are reviewed, with emphasis on the 11-year and 22-year cycles, step modulation, charge-sign dependent modulation and particle drifts. Advances in this field are selectively discussed in the context of what still are some of the important uncertainties and outstanding issues.     

利用旋转多普勒的单站无源定位性能分析

针对只测相位差变化率无源定位问题,提出了一种利用旋转多普勒的单站无源定位体制。该体制利用两接收天线构成长基线干涉仪(LBI),不但利用干涉仪平动带来的相位差变化率信息,还利用干涉仪自身转动引入的相位差变化率信息。从定位线特性的角度分析了该定位体制的原理,并推导了定位误差的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。理论分析和计算结果表明,通过干涉仪转动,能够提高定位精度,且干涉仪转动越快、基线方向变化范围越大,定位性能越好。
     

火星探测器减速着陆技术分析

火星的大气环境和地球差异较大,存在着许多未知的因素,火星探测的减速着陆同样充满了风险和挑战。文章通过对美国火星探测减速着陆的重点技术进行分析,并归纳总结了火星探测器减速着陆技术的发展趋势。     

激光等离子体减阻技术研究进展

利用激光等离子体减小高超声速飞行器的气动阻力对节能和最大限度地提高飞行器性能具有重要的意义。简单概述了高超声速飞行器的军事需求及等离子体减阻技术的分类;总结了激光等离子体减阻机理的实验研究和数值模拟情况;讨论了等离子体能量、点火位置和形状等参数对减阻性能的影响,目前利用激光等离子体技术可以减小70%的波阻。针对中国的激光等离子体减阻研究工作,分析了目前国内外研究中存在的问题,提出了深入开展激光等离子体减阻机理研究等建议。