Assessing ecohydrological factors variations and their relationships at different spatio-temporal scales in semiarid area,northwestern China

As a typical semiarid farming-pastoral ecotone sensitive to the environmennt, the Plain of West Liaohe Basin (WLBP) is currently experiencing drastic environmental changes. To identify how environmental change affect vegetation in the WLBP, we analysed spatiotemporal variation characteristics of Ecological environment factors based on monthly and annual air temperature (T), precipitation (P) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2015. And the correlations between them were investigated by correlation analysis (Simple correlation, partial correlation and complex correlation) at temporal and spatial scale. The results showed that: (1) the vegetation growth of the WLBP showed ameliorated trend, with a change rate of 0.004/yr.; (2) P was more sensitive to NDVI than T; (3) and the influence of hydrothermal changes on vegetation growth was more significant than that of the change of single climate factors at time scales; (4) the effects of anthropogenic factors on vegetation change were 75.07% (1982–1993) and 98.08% (1994–2015), respectively. At the temp-special scales, P&T and land use type change (LUCC) were the main climatic and anthropogenic factors that affect vegetation changes, respectively.     

中继卫星系统仿真软件设计与应用*

设计开发中继卫星系统仿真软件,并针对理想信道条件、I/Q幅相不平衡、幅频特性、群时延、相位噪声、功放饱和条件、非线性信道条件这七种信道,仿真16QAM和16APSK的误码率性能,并对仿真结果进行分析。利用仿真平台得出的非线性信道条件下误码率需求与所需信噪比之间的关系,可以作为完善系统技术指标的重要依据,为中继卫星系统后续建设和应用提供重要参考。     

航空工业技术进步的经济效益分析

运用非中性技术进步模型对航空工业1954年～1988年的技术进步与经济增长情况进行了定量研究,所得结论是:在航空工业35年的发展过程中,劳动投入增长对产出增长的贡献是第一位的,其次是技术进步增长,最后是资本投入增长。文章最后对我国航空工业的技术进步与经济增长政策提出两点建议。     

先进云纹测量技术及应用

本文着重介绍了高灵敏度云纹法的发展及其在结构和材料力学行为测量方面的应用,包括云纹干涉法、微米云纹法、纳米云纹法及其相移技术。介绍了清华大学工程力学系光测实验室近年来利用云纹干涉法在材料科学、激光焊接、微电子封装等力学行为测量方面的应用成果。讨论了微米/纳米云纹法分别在微电子封装、微机械系统(MEMS)、纳观变形场测量中的应用。     

涡扇发动机低压轴断裂故障在线检测方法

针对低压轴断裂易引起涡轮飞转的问题,需在运营环境中进行涡扇发动机低压轴断裂的机载在线检测。采用机载测量的高压物理转速和低压物理转速等参数,建立了基于物理转速变化率和转差关系的低压轴断裂故障在线检测方法。通过发动机工况仿真识别了能够准确区分正常加减速过程、喘振过程和断轴过程的物理参数,设置了检测判定逻辑和判定阈值。结果表明:在断轴后的0.1 s内,低压转速变化率出现瞬间最小值;在0.2 s内,高压转速变化率变为正值。该方法检测响应时间为0~0.5 s,可以实时检测出低压轴断裂故障,有利于控制系统及时采取停车等处理措施以防止核心机被损坏,不会由于发动机正常停车、加减速、喘振和高压轴断裂而导致虚警,检测可靠性高,具有较高的工程实用性。     

Spaceborne GPS receiver antenna phase center offset and variation estimation for the Shiyan 3 satellite

In determining the orbits of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites using spaceborne GPS, the errors caused by receiver antenna phase center offset (PCO) and phase center variations (PCVs) are gradually becoming a major limiting factor for continued improvements to accuracy. Shiyan 3, a small satellite mission for space technology experimentation and climate exploration, was developed by China and launched on November 5, 2008. The dual-frequency GPS receiver payload delivers 1 Hz data and provides the basis for precise orbit determination within the range of a few centime-ters. The antenna PCO and PCV error characteristics and the principles influencing orbit determi-nation are analyzed. The feasibility of PCO and PCV estimation and compensation in different directions is demonstrated through simulation and in-flight tests. The values of receiver antenna PCO and PCVs for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Shiyan 3 satellites are estimated from one month of data. A large and stable antenna PCO error, reaching up to 10.34 cm in the z-direction, is found with the Shiyan 3 satellite. The PCVs on the Shiyan 3 satellite are estimated and reach up to 3.0 cm, which is slightly larger than that of GRACE satellites. Orbit validation clearly improved with independent k-band ranging (KBR) and satellite laser ranging (SLR) measurements. For GRACE satellites, the average root mean square (RMS) of KBR resid-uals improved from 1.01 cm to 0.88 cm. For the Shiyan 3 satellite, the average RMS of SLR resid-uals improved from 4.95 cm to 4.06 cm.     

基于软件锁相环的电机速度控制系统

随着电力电子、微电子技术和控制技术的发展，一些场合对电机调速系统性能的要求越来越高，而锁相调速控制在稳速精度方面有其独特的优势。文章在改进的数字锁相环基础上，提出了软件锁相环电机速度控制系统，利用高性能微处理器实现了软件锁相环。     

具有星间链路的星座相位设计

通过分析星座空间构形的变化规律，综合考虑星座空间构形对地面覆盖特性、星间链路、空间测量精度以及工作性能的影响，利用改进的层次分析法对星座相位进行优化设计。通过对全球覆盖星座进行仿真，验证了方法的可行性。     

机载单站无源定位三维模型及其仿真

针对在空间作匀速直线运动的目标，建立了机载单站无源定位的三维模型。给出了其中的预处理过程和系统状态方程，并采用UKF算法进行滤波处理以提高定位精度。仿真结果表明，模型和算法有效。与扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)相比，在初始误差较大时UKF也能快速收敛。     

一种用于导弹姿态控制系统的直接力非线性控制法

为改善传统导弹姿控系统线性控制法的不足,用相平面法分析了直接力作用下导弹的姿态运动规律和气动力作用对直接力控制的影响,提出了一种综合控制精度、姿控发动机产品特性和推进剂消耗量等指标的直接力非线性控制方法,给出了控制模型。仿真结果表明,该法能在气动力作用或干扰无法忽略的条件下实现导弹姿控发动机的开关工作正常,保证精度及推进剂消耗最省,其控制精度与线性比例微分(PD)控制律相当。