永磁容错电机最优转矩控制策略实验

 永磁容错(FTPM)电机不仅具有容错和故障隔离能力,还继承了一般永磁电机功率密度大、转矩脉动小的优点,故在航空用电力作动系统中得到大力发展。最优转矩控制(OTC)算法可以实现电机在正常和故障时(一相断路或短路)输出电磁转矩脉动最小化。本文设计了750 W六相十极FTPM电机最优转矩控制系统平台,提出了两种简单实用的绕组故障诊断方法,对最优转矩控制算法进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,该算法能够实现故障前后转矩转速性能基本不变,且转矩脉动均小于20%,故障时动态响应快。     

基于超螺旋滑模变结构永磁同步电机的控制

根据αβ坐标系统的永磁同步电机数学模型,利用MATLAB/Simulink 仿真工具,搭建了传统直接转矩控制系统仿真模型。针对系统磁通与转矩的输出波动大的特点,基于超螺旋滑模变结构控制策略,在dq坐标系下,设计了磁链与转矩控制器,继而搭建仿真模型。在新的模型下,用转矩控制器与磁链控制器替换滞环比较器,得出了改进系统的电磁转矩与电机转速的响应曲线。通过对比传统直接转矩控制系统的曲线,结果表明改进后的系统电磁转矩曲线脉动显著减小,转速响应明显加快。     

永磁同步风力发电系统的分数阶比例积分控制算法研究

将分数阶比例积分(PIλ)控制器应用于直驱型永磁同步风力发电系统,来达到实现系统高性能控制的目的。重点研究了永磁同步风力发电系统的分数阶PIλ控制器参数设计方法。通过分数阶PIλ控制器系统的仿真研究与试验分析,结果表明:采用分数阶PIλ控制器的系统具有较快的响应速度和较高的功率输出性能,具有一定的发展潜力和实用价值。     

无槽环形绕组轴向磁通永磁电机空载反电动势解析

无槽环形绕组有两种类型,即扇形绕组和矩形绕组。针对这两种绕组空间分布对空载反电动势的影响,分别对两种绕组轴向磁通永磁电机的空载反电动势进行了解析推导。在气隙磁密解析计算时,提出通过建立虚拟等效直线电机模型用以计算气隙磁场端部效应函数。为了验证解析公式的正确性,以一台电机方案为例,利用推导的解析公式对空载反电动势进行了计算,与有限元计算结果进行了对比,结果表明解析计算结果和有限元计算结果相对误差小于2.1%,满足工程要求。因此,推导的空载反电动势解析公式可以作为电机设计人员参考使用。     

电动汽车永磁同步电机滑模低速控制

针对采用永磁同步电机id=0矢量控制调速的电动汽车电机驱动控制系统,为了改善其抗负载扰动能力,并且当电动汽车处于低速运行时,能够输出大转矩,将滑模变结构控制中的变指数趋近律进行改进,设计了一种滑模速度控制器。为了减小滑模变结构控制的抖振问题,引入饱和函数来代替符号函数,同时考虑到滑模速度控制器中存在滞后问题,将饱和函数与经过积分环节后得到的信号相乘,在提高了响应速度的同时增强系统的抗扰动能力。经过仿真验证,不同负载工况下,滑模速度控制器具有较强的鲁棒性和抗扰动能力,满足电动汽车低速运行工况下输出大转矩的要求。     

永磁直线同步电机伺服系统鲁棒反步控制器设计

针对永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)伺服系统强鲁棒性、高控制精度的要求,提出一种鲁棒反步控制器。为了解决常规PID跟踪精度不高、参数调节难度大及鲁棒性差的问题,将自适应控制与反步控制结合。利用自适应机制实时估计系统的扰动,去除了反步控制设计过程中对外界扰动上界的要求,同时克服了控制律高频抖振的问题。同时,分析了闭环反馈系统中高频噪声的特性以及对系统的不利影响,使用低通滤波器来抑制高频噪声。最后,在Googol公司的试验平台上,通过与一种改进的PID对比,验证了设计的鲁棒反步控制器的可行性以及抑制高频噪声的有效性,可为先进控制理论的工程化提供参考。     

基于磁路法与等效热网络法的航天 永磁同步电机设计与仿真

针对航天永磁同步电机方案初步设计耗时长、过度依赖商业软件的问题，基于磁路法和热网络法，提出了一套方案设计阶段航天永磁同步电机磁热性能快速预估与仿真方法。给出了定子内径、定子外径、铁芯长度、匝数等关键参数的取值准则，建立了包含36个节点集总参数热网络模型，并以端部绕组为例给出了热平衡方程的详细推导过程。通过与成熟商业软件对比，其电磁计算最大误差出现在电流有效值上，偏差值为607%；与样机实测值对比，绕组温升最大误差为73%，满足方案设计阶段预示精度要求，为方案设计阶段航天永磁同步电机快速性能预估提供有力支撑。     

Dynamic neighborhood genetic learning particle swarm optimization for high-power-density electric propulsion motor

To maximize the power density of the electric propulsion motor in aerospace application, this paper proposes a novel Dynamic Neighborhood Genetic Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (DNGL-PSO) for the motor design, which can deal with the insufficient population diversity and non-global optimal solution issues. The DNGL-PSO framework is composed of the dynamic neighborhood module and the particle update module. To improve the population diversity, the dynamic neighborhood strategy is first proposed, which combines the local neighborhood exemplar generation mechanism and the shuffling mechanism. The local neighborhood exemplar generation mechanism enlarges the search range of the algorithm in the solution space, thus obtaining high-quality exemplars. Meanwhile, when the global optimal solution cannot update its fitness value, the shuffling mechanism module is triggered to dynamically change the local neighborhood members. The roulette wheel selection operator is introduced into the shuffling mechanism to ensure that particles with larger fitness value are selected with a higher probability and remain in the local neighborhood. Then, the global learning based particle update approach is proposed, which can achieve a good balance between the expansion of the search range in the early stage and the acceleration of local convergence in the later stage. Finally, the optimization design of the electric propulsion motor is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed DNGL-PSO. The simulation results show that the proposed DNGL-PSO has excellent adaptability, optimization efficiency and global optimization capability, while the optimized electric propulsion motor has a high power density of 5.207 kW/kg with the efficiency of 96.12%.     

Static magnetic field analysis of hollow-cup motor model and bow-shaped permanent magnet design

The hollow-cup Permanent Magnet (PM) motors have the characteristics of low power consumption, and are widely used in the aerospace field. At present, the tile-shaped PMs used by hollow-cup PM motors have poor sinusoidal characteristics of the air gap magnetic flux density waveform, which will cause torque ripple. The existing method for improving the air gap magnetic flux density waveform is not very effective when applied to hollow cup, a special motor with no stator core and large air gap. A bow-shaped PMs structure is designed for the hollow-cup motor in this paper. First, the equivalent surface current method is used to calculate the analytical formula of the static magnetic field of the model. Then, the Finite Element (FE) method is used to calculate the static air gap flux density waveform of conventional tile-shaped PMs and bow-shaped PMs with different bow heights, and the corresponding harmonics and sine distortion are obtained by Fourier decomposition. The simulation results show that the bow-shaped PMs can effectively improve the sinusoidal characteristics of the static air gap flux density waveform. And the suitable bow height is determined. Finally, a prototype is made based on the suitable bow height for experiments, and compared with the analytical result and the FE result, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the bow-shaped PMs with the suitable bow height are verified.     

稀土永磁的商品化现状与工艺上的新进展

描述了国内外ＮｄＦｅＢ永磁材料的商品化现状及未来发展方向。为克服ＮｄＦｅＢ永磁的某些局限性及提高其磁性能，重点介绍了近年来在工艺上优化合金组成与实现加工改性方面所做的大量工作，指出开发粘结型ＮｄＦｅＢ是我国永磁产业的主要发展方向。