不同燃料燃烧加热对超燃冲压发动机性能影响的分析与评估

为了评估不同燃料燃烧加热的空气污染对超燃冲压发动机性能的影响,重点研究了相同流动匹配条件下四种不同燃料燃烧加热的超燃冲压发动机性能(氢、甲烷、酒精和煤油)。对相同流动匹配条件下,地面模拟飞行Ma=6,高度25km的超燃冲压发动机流道性能采用数值模拟进行了评估,并将之与飞行条件下的发动机性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同加热方式对进气道升力和升阻比有显著影响(升力最大差异>8%,升阻比最大差异>6%),对超燃冲压发动机性能也有显著影响,比推最大差异97N·s/kg,燃烧效率最大差异11%。      

壁面导热对微型向心涡轮性能及流动影响

为了探讨传热对于微型向心涡轮的性能和流动的影响规律,根据微型向心涡轮的特点,针对涡轮的轮毂侧壁面传热现象,建立了涡轮的气动性能随传热量变化的一维模型,并利用数值模拟对模型进行了验证,分析了不同传热量下微型向心涡轮的流动变化。结果表明所发展的模型有较好的精确度,可以用以评估传热对微型向心涡轮性能的影响;较大的传热会改变转子进口相对气流角并影响转子整个通道内的流动;涡轮对外传热使得涡轮输出功降低,涡轮效率明显降低。      

A novel system parameters design and performance analysis method for Distributed Satellite-borne SAR system

As a promising new technology emerged in recent years, the Distributed Satellite-borne SAR (DSS) system with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imaging capability has been recognized by the remote sensing community as an integrated part of the spaceborne earth observation system. However, most researches on DSS were focused on individual aspects of system design/analysis and data processing, while few studies have been dedicated to establishing a standard methodological framework for universal DSS system design. Aiming at this problem, the topics of DSS system error analysis and design method are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a rigorous error propagation model of height measurement is theoretically derived from the DSS InSAR imaging geometry, and the impact of each error sources in this model on the height measurement accuracy is analyzed individually. In particular, the baseline length and its measurement error in the InSAR imaging plane are identified as the dominant factors. Second, a new method for DSS system design is proposed based on our analyses with the error propagation model. This method consists of two important phases, namely collaboration design and monostatic design. The major objective of collaboration design is to determine the configuration and parameters for the coordination between satellites in the DSS system. Afterwards, the key parameters for single satellite and the payload are determined by the monostatic design. Thirdly, a system performance analysis method is developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the pre-designed DSS system. In the next section, a typical example of DSS system design is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design and analysis methods. The target DSS system has the same goal and hardware configuration as the TanDEM-X mission. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with our major findings are presented.     

军用航空涡扇发动机性能衰减及控制

参考国外分析CF6和JT9D发动机老化的方法,收集了部分军用涡扇发动机于新机交付、返厂排故和修理、返厂寿命评估时在试车台架录取的试车数据,客观地分析了发动机性能衰减的原因,同时给出了控制的方法。对新发动机的研制以及国外发动机的修理具有一定的参考价值。     

超（近）临界压力航空煤油RP-3的拟过冷沸腾传热特性

为了研究吸热型碳氢燃料在新型飞行器中的再生冷却性能,采用电加热方式,在热流密度0.1-1.0MW/m2和质量流速500-1000kg/m2s条件下,小通道圆管内（D=1.6mm）研究了超（近）临界压力下（P=3MPa）航空煤油RP-3的拟沸腾流动传热特性。研究发现了超（近）临界压力航空煤油的拟过冷沸腾传热现象。拟过冷沸腾壁温变化特征和传热恶化特征与亚临界压力下的相应特征存在差异。超临界压力航空煤油传热区域划分为类液态强制对流传热区、拟过冷沸腾区和类气态强制对流传热区。拟过冷沸腾壁温和传热系数随流体温度增加而缓慢增加,起到传热强化的作用;拟临界温度区域,存在传热系数极小值点,燃料发生传热弱化;燃料温度大于拟临界温度,燃料处于超临界类气态,传热大幅强化。     

层次分析法在科技项目管理中的应用

在介绍层次分析法的基础上,以其在创新性研究项目管理中的应用为例,指出这一方法可以帮助管理者在科技项目管理中更多地减少人为感觉和经验操作,促使把好科技项目选择关和投入关。     

VO2热致变色薄膜的结构与光电性能研究

研究了用磁控溅射制备的ＶＯ２热致变色薄膜,用Ｘ射线衍射,Ｘ射线光电子谱和原子力显微镜对薄膜的结构进行了分析,对薄膜的光学和电学特性也进行了研究。     

喷喉烧蚀损失计算

分析了喷喉烧蚀计算的各种方法,并用实例比较了各种计算方法的优劣。理论分析和计算结果表明,用平均膨胀比与初始膨胀比计算出的理论真空比冲之比,或在平均膨胀比与初始膨胀比下按一维两相平衡流计算出的真空比冲之比来计算喷喉烧蚀效率较好。     

航天器表面材料充电性能研究—关于RTV-Ⅱ和13-17涂层的评价

本文报道了RTV-Ⅱ黑漆和13-17白色涂层二种航天器温控材料的电导在综合空间环境条件下的实验结果。实验表明RTV-Ⅱ涂层材料的电导从1984年到1986年,几乎每年下降一个量级,因而充电状态明显改变。13-17涂层材料的电导对空间真空环境响应不明显,但对电子辐照和光辐照响应显著,尤其对光辐照存在强烈的记忆效应。预测该涂层在轨道上由光照区进入星蚀区也不会出现明显充电现象。     

ATM performance measurement in Europe,the US and China

Air traffic management (ATM) performance and the metrics used in its assessment are investigated for the first time across the three largest ATM world regions: Europe, the US and China. The market structure and flow management practices of each region are presented. A wide range of performance data across these three regions is synthesised. For topological and performance assessment, the notion of a 'sufficient' sample is often non-intuitive: many metrics may behave non-monotonically as a function of sampling fraction. Missing and under-developed metrics are identified, and the need for a balance between standardisation and flexibility is proposed. Longitudinal and cross-sectional metric trade-offs are identified.