Cathode design investigation based on iterative correction of predicted profile errors in electrochemical machining of compressor blades

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is an effective and economical manufacturing method for machining hard-to-cut metal materials that are often used in the aerospace field. Cathode design is very complicated in ECM and is a core problem influencing machining accuracy, especially for complex profiles such as compressor blades in aero engines. A new cathode design method based on iterative correction of predicted profile errors in blade ECM is proposed in this paper. A math-ematical model is first built according to the ECM shaping law, and a simulation is then carried out using ANSYS software. A dynamic forming process is obtained and machining gap distributions at different stages are analyzed. Additionally, the simulation deviation between the prediction profile and model is improved by the new method through correcting the initial cathode profile. Further-more, validation experiments are conducted using cathodes designed before and after the simulation correction. Machining accuracy for the optimal cathode is improved markedly compared with that for the initial cathode. The experimental results illustrate the suitability of the new method and that it can also be applied to other complex engine components such as diffusers.     

超精密定位中的几项相关关键技术

通过结合自已的实际工作，分别从伺服进给机构，位置检测技术，数控及伺服控制等几个方面对超精密机床的定位系统进行了说明     

Experimental research on electrochemical machining of titanium alloy Ti60 for a blisk

Ti60(Ti–5.6Al–4.8Sn–2Zr–1Mo–0.35Si–0.7Nd) is a high-temperature titanium alloy that is now used for important components of aircraft engines. Electrochemical machining(ECM) is a promising technique that has several advantages, such as a high machining rate, and can be used on a wide range of difficult-to-process materials. In this paper, orthogonal experiments are conducted to investigate ECM of Ti60, with the aim of determining the influences of some electrochemical process parameters on the surface roughness. The most important parameter is found to be the frequency of the pulsed power supply. It is found that using suitably optimized parameters for ECM can greatly decrease the surface roughness of a workpiece. A surface roughness of approximately 0.912 lm can be obtained with the following optimal parameters: Na Cl electrolyte concentration 13wt%, voltage20 V, pulse frequency 0.4 k Hz, duty cycle 0.3, temperature 23 °C, and anode feed rate 0.5 mm/min.Furthermore, blisk blades have been successfully processed using these optimized parameters.     

高速加工的实现与应用

综述高速加工的技术优势、关键技术、实现条件及其应用。     

基于轮廓搜索的机匣铣削毛坯模型自动构建方法

针对发动机机匣零件铣削毛坯模型构建中,表面凸台回转轮廓获取困难,凸台轮廓之间以及凸台轮廓与回转体轮廓之间组合难处理,毛坯构建效率低且余量分布不均的问题,提出了基于轮廓搜索的机匣铣削毛坯模型自动构建方法。用离散的方法得到复杂形状凸台特征的回转轮廓,将凸台特征与回转体特征的回转轮廓旋转投影到草图平面,结合加工余量、车削刀具尺寸等工艺信息进行毛坯轮廓搜索,进而得到余量分布均匀且符合工艺要求的铣削毛坯。该方法对机匣回转体与表面凸台进行统一轮廓搜索,并充分考虑加工工艺,能处理具有复杂表面凸台的机匣零件,效率高、通用性好;所得毛坯余量分布均匀,减小铣削材料去除量,有助于提高铣削加工效率。     

精密复杂曲面零件多轴数控加工技术研究进展

多轴数控（CNC）加工是现代工业中的标志性加工技术,在能源、动力、国防、运载工具、航空航天等制造领域的关键零部件加工中占据着主导地位。随着这些领域中高端装备性能要求越来越高,涌现出一大批加工难度大、性能指标要求苛刻的精密复杂曲面零件,其加工已由以往单纯的形位精度要求,跃升为形位与性能指标并重的高性能加工要求,给传统的复杂曲面零件数控加工技术带来了严峻挑战。针对精密复杂曲面零件形位精度保证、加工效率提升及动态切削过程可控等关键技术问题,从多轴数控加工的高效加工路径设计、进给率规划以及加工动力学分析等方面,详细论述相关加工技术的研究现状、存在的难点和核心问题,指出可行的解决途径、突破方向和未来的发展趋势,为实现复杂曲面零件的高性能数控加工提供参考和依据。     

螺旋孔电解加工多物理场耦合机理研究

基于建立的三维多相流模型及间接耦合多物理模型(热电耦合和热流耦合),以螺旋孔电解加工为研究对象,对电解加工间隙中的电场、流场、温度场进行分析,掌握间隙参数变化规律,包括间隙电解液的流速与温度、间隙氢气气泡率分布、材料表面电流密度分布等。进而对影响材料去除的主要因素——电导率进行研究,确定了电导率在整个加工间隙内的变化规律及其对材料去除的影响,并提出了增加电解液出口背压以改善工件材料去除的一致性。最后,在搭建的实验平台上进行螺旋孔电解加工实验,验证了所提方法的正确性。     

飞机结构件自动编程中转角构建方法及算法

针对飞机结构件转角数控（NC）加工编程效率低、工作量大、质量不稳定等问题,提出一种基于转角面的自动扩展技术,并结合工艺知识建立加工模型,为实现转角数控加工自动编程技术奠定了基础。首先定义了转角、转角面、转角加工模型及转角加工干涉域等概念;然后给出了自动扩展、侧转面与切元计算、干涉域构建等技术,实现转角加工模型的构建;最后,基于以上研究开发了转角数控加工自动编程系统,并初步应用于某型号飞机结构件的生产,应用结果表明,该技术显著提高了转角数控加工编程的效率和质量,降低了编程工作量。      

大直径薄壁球形阀芯加工工艺

球形阀芯是液氧／煤油发动机煤油隔离阀的核心部件,它具有大直径、薄壁、形状不规则等特点,给加工带来极大难度,被列入液氧／煤油发动机研制中的关键工艺技术。通过反复试验摸索,在充分了解锻铝材质球形零件加工特点的基础上,总结出一套粗加工、半精加工、精加工的加工工艺流程。通过优化各种参数、安排进行多次冷、热处理并采用恒切削速度进行球面精加工,生产出了性能可靠、质量上乘的产品。     

基于控制线的开式整体叶盘叶片四轴数控加工刀轴控制方法

针对开式整体叶盘叶片数控加工中存在的干涉及刀轴变化稳定性问题,提出了一种基于刀轴控制线的四轴刀轴矢量控制方法。阐述了基于刀轴控制线的四轴刀轴控制基本原理,通过对四轴无干涉刀轴摆动区间的计算,建立了四轴无干涉刀轴控制面;根据控制线生成准则,给出了在刀轴控制面上生成刀轴控制线的具体算法。实验验证表明,该方法不仅可解决开式整体叶盘叶片加工中的刀具干涉问题,而且有效避免了刀轴突变引起的叶片啃伤现象,明显提高了叶片表面的加工质量。