喷射角对超声速燃烧室掺混和燃烧的影响

针对壁面喷射方式,分别在冷态喷流和燃烧工况下探讨了喷射角的变化对超声速流场中的燃料掺混效果及燃烧效率的影响。研究表明:采用带角度喷射能明显减弱壁面垂直喷射导致的强激波,减小激波/边界层干扰带来的总压损失,在燃料掺混特性方面,减小喷射角会降低近场穿透距离,减弱近场的掺混效果,而对中场的穿透深度及掺混效果影响不大,但带角度喷射的远场的穿透深度及掺混不如垂直喷射。所以垂直喷射时,虽然更多的燃料和空气发生掺混,燃烧效率要高于带角度喷射的,但会以牺牲很大的总压为代价,所以在工程中建议采用带角度喷射配合其他喷射方式。     

《电子电路实践》课程的教学研究与实践——基于工作过程导向的理论与实践融合互动教、学、做一体化

本文结合《电子电路实践》课程教学实践,通过课程体系的重构,教学场所时间与空间结构的整合、理论与实践的融合互动,对融＂教、学、做＂一体,以学生为中心,以培养学生的专业能力、方法能力和社会能力为目的的教学模式进行探索性的设计与实施。     

微缝共振器的非线性吸声机理

为模拟高声压级时微缝处涡声相互作用现象并计算微缝声阻抗,发展了一种离散涡模型.联合微缝离散涡模型和一维声传播模型,计算了微缝共振器的声阻抗和吸声系数.数值结果表明,微缝声学性质主要取决于涡脱落和脱落涡层的演化;共振器的吸声系数随着入射声压级的增加而增大;入射声波频率对共振器吸声系数有显著影响.研究结果和先前直接数值模拟...     

Trailing-edge scalloping effect on flat-plate membrane wing performance

This investigation studies the effect of trailing-edge scalloping on the lift and drag force coefficients of flat, membrane wings that vibrate at low Reynolds numbers (<61,000). A series of rigid, flat plate frames with moderate aspect ratio and repeating membrane cell structure were studied and compared to a rigid plate and a rigid scalloped plate. Lift and drag measurements were acquired using an external force-balance; flow fluctuation measurements were captured with a hot-wire. Results showed that the size and aspect ratio of the latex cell had a greater impact on lift than scalloping and that scalloping had a greater effect on drag than the cell aspect ratio. Compared to the solid wings, the membrane wings exhibited higher lift and drag coefficients, likely due to both effective cambering and dynamic interaction with the free shear layer. While trailing-edge scalloping decreased both the lift and drag coefficients relative to no scalloping, the greater effect was on drag, thus, increasing aerodynamic efficiency. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio was attained for a 25% scallop with a repeating cell aspect ratio of one. A unique nondimensional scaling of the membrane vibration peak frequency is also presented.     

Wave induced energetic particle generation and space plasma modeling

An increasing number of high-resolution spacecraft observations provide access to details of energetic electron and ion velocity-space distribution structures. Since resonant wave-particle interaction processes depend considerably on the distribution function details, space plasma modeling is of particular interest for studies of a variety of plasma environments as planetary magnetospheres, the interplanetary medium or solar flares. After summarizing the most popular particle acceleration processes we focus on wave-powered energization mechanisms induced by Landau interaction and demonstrate from a time-evolutionary scenario that power-law distributions, highly favored by observations in recent years, are generated resonantly by an Alfvén wave spectrum and possibly saturate. This process is further stimulated in non-uniform magnetic field configurations where multiple wave packets at different phase velocities provide the energy source for a continuous acceleration process. Moreover, in this conjunction we demonstrate that in particular κ-distributions are a consequence of a generalized entropy concept, favored by nonextensive statistics, which provides the missing link for power-law plasma models from fundamental physics. With regard to in situ space observations examples are provided illuminating that for non-thermal plasma characteristics the particular structure of the velocity-space distribution dominates as regulating mechanism for the wave-particle interaction process over effects related to changes in space plasma parameters. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高速直升机旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰特性分析

研究双拉力螺旋桨复合式高速直升机的气动特性可以为高速直升机的设计及气动优化提供参考。基 于动量源方法构建针对双拉力螺旋桨复合式高速直升机旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰特性数值计算及分析方法;对 孤立旋翼、旋翼/机身干扰进行算例验证;应用所构建的方法对双拉力螺旋桨高速复合式直升机悬停及前飞状 态的干扰流场进行数值模拟,分析机身对悬停流场影响及不同前飞速度旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰特性。结果表 明:悬停时机身对气流的阻塞作用降低了旋翼的升力,螺旋桨对旋翼下洗气流的加速作用使旋翼升力提高;低 速前飞时旋翼/螺旋桨/机身干扰较大,主要体现在旋翼下洗流造成螺旋桨滑流偏折以及机翼上表面压力分布 增大,高速前飞时这种干扰较小。     

基于阻抗控制的空间机械臂接触控制与轨迹规划技术

通过给定的期望点位置和速度,设计具有加速度导数连续的实时路径规划,使机械臂在自由空间能够快速平稳地操作;基于力矩传感器反馈,通过笛卡儿阻抗控制将机械臂设计为一个整体的笛卡儿力感知系统,并模拟人手运动建立具有实时力反馈的路径规划,使机械臂在接触环境下既避免碰撞损伤又能完成操作任务。实验证明,基于力伺服的路径规划和笛卡儿阻抗控制可以实现机械臂在自由环境和接触环境下的安全操作。     

低雷诺数下柔性薄板涡激振动流固耦合特性研究

柔性薄板的流固耦合特性研究在航空及能源动力领域具有广泛的应用背景,特别是在上游流体出现脉动的情况下,将引发薄板周期性振动,这种规律性的结构振动反过来又会改变其尾流的泻涡释放形态。本文基于非定常流动和柔性薄板振动理论,建立了柔性薄板的流固耦合特性研究模型,并得到了薄板的振动特性以及平板周围流场的非定常流动特性。结果表明：随着流体雷诺数的不同,柔性薄板的振动情况有明显的差异,当激振力的频率与柔性薄板固有频率一致时,会出现共振现象,柔性薄板振动对涡的形成产生抑制,保持薄板的附着流,延迟分离;当薄板的最大弹性回复力低于流体激振力时,薄板出现无规律的随机振动变形。     

动静干涉对涡轮转子叶片气膜冷却的影响

为研究动静干涉对涡轮转子叶片气膜冷却效果的影响,选取AGTB涡轮叶栅作为研究对象,匹配前排导叶并对整级叶栅进行非定常数值模拟。对不同时刻流场截面的流动情况以及叶片表面温度随时间的演化规律进行了详细的分析,此外,总结了尾迹和势干涉对下游叶片气膜冷却的影响。主要结论如下:导叶强烈的势干涉作用在幅值为12°的范围内改变下游叶片的入射角,对冷却射流有非常大的影响;尾迹和势干涉作用诱导冷却射流的"上扬"现象,并使其冷气流量增加20%以上,有利于提高瞬时的冷却效果;势干涉对前缘冷却射流的作用时间约为1/2个静子周期,尾迹的作用时间约为1/6个静子周期,前者作用时间长,且效果更强。受到输运效果的影响,整个叶片冷却效果的变化与气膜孔射流状态的变化不是同步的,滞后时间可达1/3个静子周期甚至更长。      

转捩对压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰分离泡的影响

为了研究转捩对压缩拐角内分离泡结构的影响,进行了来流马赫数2.9,24°压缩拐角激波/转捩边界层干扰的直接数值模拟（DNS）。通过在拐角上游平板的不同流向位置处添加周期性吹吸扰动激发流动转捩,使得转捩不同阶段进入拐角入口,从而在拐角内产生激波/转捩边界层的相互干扰。计算得到的平均速度剖面、壁面压力分布以及分离泡大小与风洞试验及以往直接数值模拟结果吻合较好,验证了计算结果的可靠性。研究了转捩过程对角部干扰区内分离泡结构的影响规律,分析比较了不同转捩阶段下角部分离区内湍动能的生成、耗散和分配机制。研究结果表明：转捩初期的拟序涡结构对分离泡尺度及形状影响最大,发卡涡包在角部拐点附近发生展向融合,并在角部区域形成湍流斑,此时分离泡尺度最小,形状呈现中间高两边低的山峰型。随着转捩的发展,分离区内湍动能生成和近壁区的耗散逐步降低,此时输运项起到了主要的平衡作用。