Modeling ground and space based cosmic ray observations

After entering our local astrosphere (called the heliosphere), galactic cosmic rays, as charged particles, are affected by the Sun’s turbulent magnetic field. This causes their intensities to decrease towards the inner heliosphere, a process referred to as modulation. Over the years, cosmic ray modulation has been studied extensively at Earth, utilizing both ground and space based observations. Moreover, modelling cosmic ray modulation and comparing results with observations, insight can be gained into the transport of these particles, as well as offering explanations for observed features. We review some of the most prominent cosmic ray observations made near Earth, how these observations can be modelled and what main insights are gained from this modelling approach. Furthermore, a discussion on drifts, as one of the main modulation processes, are given as well as how drift effects manifest in near Earth observations. We conclude by discussing the contemporary challenges, fuelled by observations, which are presently being investigated. A main challenge is explaining observations made during the past unusual solar minimum.     

The charge-sign dependent effect in the solar modulation of cosmic rays

The centennial anniversary of the discovery of cosmic rays was in 2012. Since this discovery considerable progress has been made on several aspects related to galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere. It is known that they encounter a turbulent solar wind with an imbedded heliospheric magnetic field when entering the Sun’s domain. This leads to significant global and temporal changes in their intensity inside the heliosphere, a process known as the solar modulation of cosmic rays. The prediction of a charge-sign dependent effect in solar modulation in the late 1970s and the confirmatory observational discoveries can also be considered as a milestone. A short review is given of these predictions based on theoretical and numerical modelling work, the observational confirmation and related issues.     

空间机器人抓捕目标星碰撞前构型优化

空间双臂机器人抓捕目标星会导致碰撞,针对碰撞引起机器人系统基座姿态变化的问题,提出一种基于粒子群算法的碰撞前构型优化方法。该方法首先给出了碰撞前和碰撞后的动力学模型,然后根据冲量-动量方程推导出碰撞阶段动力学方程,最后提出基于粒子群算法的最优碰撞前构型规划数值方法,使碰撞对机器人系统角动量的影响尽量小。通过计算校验了该方法的有效性,找到了用于空间机器人抓捕目标星的较理想的碰撞前构型。     

欠驱动刚性航天器姿态的非完整运动规划粒子群算法

研究欠驱动刚性航天器姿态的非完整运动规划问题。众所周知航天器利用三个动量飞轮可以控制其姿态和任意定位，当其中一轮失效，航天器动力学方程表现为不可控。在系统角动量为零的情况下，系统的姿态控制问题可转化为无漂移系统的运动规划问题。基于粒子群优化技术设计了欠驱动刚性航天器姿态的非完整运动规划算法。通过数值仿真，并和遗传算法进行了比较，结果表明该方法对欠驱动航天器姿态运动规划是有效的。     

基于改进粒子群算法的混合卫星星座优化设计

对用低轨子星座和椭圆轨道子星座组成的混合卫星星座实现不均匀覆盖进行了研究。给出了低圆轨道和椭圆轨道的设计方法和计算模型。基于对传统粒子群算法的改进,提出了一种自适应变异与非线性单纯形法综合的高效粒子群优化算法对星座进行优化设计,并给出了设计的某混合卫星星座的整体构型。分析结果表明:该法明显优于遗传算法和传统粒子群算法。     

基于广义回归神经网络集成的宽带波束形成算法

首先构造宽带波束成形所需要的协方差矩阵,利用基于粒子群优化算法对核主成分分析方法和广义回归神经网络进行了优化。在对神经网络的输入变量进行降维处理后,生成多个复杂度低的泛回归神经网络模型。利用提出的基于聚类启发式集成算法求出波束成形时的权系数,既考虑了网络的差异性,又考虑了网络的正确性。仿真结果表明,提出的基于聚类启发式神经网络集成的波束形成算法在网络结构十分简单的情况下,仍然具有较好的性能。     

基于能量约束的翼伞系统分段归航设计与仿真

针对翼伞系统的基本飞行特性和良好的可操纵性,采用分段设计的思想对翼伞系统的归航轨迹进行规划.根据各分段轨迹之间的几何关系,将航迹规划问题转变为对设计参数的寻优问题.实际系统所能提供的能量是有限的.因此,在目标函数中加入控制能量的约束.运用改进的粒子群算法对目标函数进行求解计算,得到整个归航轨迹的设计参数.仿真结果表明:...     

SiCp/Al复合材料在太阳电池阵展开机构上的应用

介绍了SiCp/Al复合材料的机械性能、热力学性能、加工性能，以及在太阳电池阵展开机构中的应用情况。分析认为采用SiCp/Al复合材料，充分发挥了其高比模量、高比强度和良好的耐磨性能，其管材、型材已达到了应用阶段。     

防热复合材料抗粒子侵蚀特性研究

研究了含钨Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料、细编穿刺Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料等防热材料抗粒子侵蚀性能及其形貌特征。针对试验结果,探讨了目前侵蚀性能试验存在的问题。指出不同种类的防热复合材料在不同试验条件下表现出不同的抗粒子侵蚀机理和形貌特征,以侵蚀系数Ｃｎ值表征不同防热材料抗粒子侵蚀能力的大小具有不直观性。     

颗粒尺寸对Fe-Si-Al 电磁与吸波性能的影响

为阐明吸收剂的颗粒尺寸与吸波材料电磁、吸波性能之间的关系,以气雾化球状Fe-Si-Al粉末为原料,通过筛分获得不同颗粒尺寸的Fe-Si-Al合金,以硅橡胶为基体制备了Fe-Si-Al吸波材料。借助振动样品磁强计和矢量网络分析仪分别研究了颗粒尺寸对Fe-Si-Al粉末和吸波材料的比饱和磁化强度、电磁参数和吸波性能的影响。结果表明:随着颗粒尺寸的减小,Fe-Si-Al粉末的比饱和磁化强度增加;吸波材料的复磁导率增加,复介电常数减小;3 mm厚的Fe-Si-Al吸波材料随其颗粒尺寸的减小,匹配频率向低频移动。减小吸收剂的粒径有助于提高其磁性能和吸波材料的低频吸收效果。