粒子侵蚀问题的研究

固体火箭发动机排出的高温、高速燃气对热防护材料有很大的侵蚀作用,特别是燃气中的氧化铝粒子对材料的侵蚀起主要作用。为此,本文对粒子侵蚀问题做了理论分析和实验研究;提供了一个用以计算粒子侵蚀速度的方法和公式。最后的算例表明,此方法可行,并具有足够的精度。     

高位垂直进气转静系旋转盘腔流场的实验

利用粒子图像测速技术(简称PIV)对高位垂直进气的转静系旋转盘腔流场进行了实验研究.该盘腔由一个旋转盘、一个静止盘及静止的外围盘罩组成.实验结果表明:PIV粒子成像技术可以应用于旋转盘腔结构的流场测试, 在本实验的工况范围内, 大部分区域的流动已为湍流, 两盘间的流动结构明显具有Batch-elor流型的特点, 转盘和静盘两个表面附近形成各自独立的边界层, 两边界层之间有一个旋转核心, 核心区内旋流系数β比大间隙封闭系统湍流流动时旋流系数的值0.43要小.流量系数和旋转雷诺数的变化对旋流系数β的影响较小, 但转静间隙的变化对β的影响较为显著.      

基于数字同轴全息的铝颗粒燃烧粒度分布研究

铝颗粒的团聚效应会对固体推进剂燃烧造成不良影响,产生积渣、两相流损失等问题。为掌握铝颗粒的团聚机理,了解初始铝颗粒尺寸以及压强对铝团聚的影响,以优化推进剂配方及粒度级配,有必要对三维空间内铝颗粒的粒度分布进行研究。为解决传统检测方法的景深问题,采用了数字同轴全息（DIH）技术,并用普通镜头搭配4f透镜组取代长焦显微镜头构建了成像系统。实验一方面对两种具有不同初始粒径的推进剂A和B进行燃烧测量,另一方面对推进剂B分别在0.1,0.2,0.3MPa三种不同压强下的燃烧进行了测量,然后通过全息重建以及图像处理技术得到了燃烧铝颗粒的粒径信息,相对测量误差在9%以内,最后采用Normal和Log-Normal多峰拟合获取了粒度分布的详细参数。对比实验结果发现,常压下铝团聚体的尺寸随着初始铝粉粒径减小而减小;随着压强增大,铝团聚物的尺寸逐渐变小,体积概率密度逐步由双峰分布变为单峰分布,说明压强升高对于铝团聚有抑制作用。     

TiB2颗粒诱导AlSi5电弧增材微观组织演变及性能研究

铝合金的电弧增材制造过程中因持续热积累而引起组织分布不均匀和溶质偏析,导致其性能各向异性。针对这一问题,设计了TiB₂纳米颗粒添加铝合金的钨极氩弧(Tungsten inert gas,TIG)增材制造工艺。在电弧增材制造过程中,通过表面预涂层的方式将纳米TiB₂颗粒添加到试样中,对比研究了纳米TiB₂颗粒不同质量分数对AlSi5合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,随着TiB₂质量分数的增加,AlSi5合金的微观组织不均匀性得到明显改善,1.5%TiB₂的添加使AlSi5合金的晶粒尺寸从226μm减小到85.6μm,且引起(110)和(112)基面上的织构明显减弱,最大取向密度呈下降的趋势;与无颗粒添加的AlSi5增材试样相比,颗粒添加后的沉积层硬度与弹性模量均得到显著提高,硬度值从879MPa增加到1253MPa,弹性模量从81.9GPa增加到88.3GPa。     

论加速可靠性增长试验(I)新方向的提出

在分析总结加速寿命试验 (ALT)及可靠性增长试验 (RGT)的基础上 ,首次提出了加速可靠性增长试验 (ARGT)这个新方向 ,并指出了在研究ARGT时将会遇到的主要问题以及解决这些问题的途径     

Multi-EAP:Extended EAP for multi-estimate extraction for SMC-PHD filter

The ability to extract state-estimates for each target of a multi-target posterior, referred to as multi-estimate extraction (MEE), is an essential requirement for a multi-target filter, whose key performance assessments are based on accuracy, computational efficiency and reliability. The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, implemented by the sequential Monte Carlo approach, affords a computationally efficient solution to general multi-target filtering for a time-varying num-ber of targets, but leaves no clue for optimal MEE. In this paper, new data association techniques are proposed to distinguish real measurements of targets from clutter, as well as to associate par-ticles with measurements. The MEE problem is then formulated as a family of parallel single-estimate extraction problems, facilitating the use of the classic expected a posteriori (EAP) estima-tor, namely the multi-EAP (MEAP) estimator. The resulting MEAP estimator is free of iterative clustering computation, computes quickly and yields accurate and reliable estimates. Typical sim-ulation scenarios are employed to demonstrate the superiority of the MEAP estimator over existing methods in terms of faster processing speed and better estimation accuracy.     

Flow field generated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator in quiescent air at initiation stage

A single Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator driven by Alternating Current (AC) power, capable of inducing a starting vortex and a wall jet in quiescent air, is suited for low-Reynolds-number flow control. However, the starting vortex and the wall jet are usually observed after the plasma actuator has been operated for dozens of and hundreds of cycles of the voltage, respectively. The detail of the induced flow field at the initiation stage of the plasma actuator has rarely been addressed. At the initiation stage, a thin jet that provides the impetus for the entrainment of the induced flow at the beginning of the plasma actuation is first observed by using a high-accuracy phase-lock Schlieren technique and a high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. This is the initial form of the momentum transfer from the plasma to the fluid. Then, an arched type jet is created by the plasma actuator. In addition, the whole development process of the induced flow field from the starting point of the thin jet to the quasi-steady stage of wall jet is presented for providing a comprehensive understanding of the plasma actuator and proposing a relevant enhancement of the numerical simulation model.     

The attitude inversion method of geostationary satellites based on unscented particle filter

The attitude information of geostationary satellites is difficult to be obtained since they are presented in non-resolved images on the ground observation equipment in space object surveillance. In this paper, an attitude inversion method for geostationary satellite based on Unscented Particle Filter (UPF) and ground photometric data is presented. The inversion algorithm based on UPF is proposed aiming at the strong non-linear feature in the photometric data inversion for satellite attitude, which combines the advantage of Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Particle Filter (PF). This update method improves the particle selection based on the idea of UKF to redesign the importance density function. Moreover, it uses the RMS-UKF to partially correct the prediction covariance matrix, which improves the applicability of the attitude inversion method in view of UKF and the particle degradation and dilution of the attitude inversion method based on PF. This paper describes the main principles and steps of algorithm in detail, correctness, accuracy, stability and applicability of the method are verified by simulation experiment and scaling experiment in the end. The results show that the proposed method can effectively solve the problem of particle degradation and depletion in the attitude inversion method on account of PF, and the problem that UKF is not suitable for the strong non-linear attitude inversion. However, the inversion accuracy is obviously superior to UKF and PF, in addition, in the case of the inversion with large attitude error that can inverse the attitude with small particles and high precision.     

Development of secondary flow field under rotating condition in a straight channel with square cross-section

The developing secondary flow fields in the entrance section of a rotating straight channel were experimentally investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The effects of streamwise position, Reynolds number and rotation number on the development of the secondary flow fields were revealed. The results show that the absolute values of vorticity flux of the trailing side roll cells increase with increasing radius of the measured plane and rotation number. When the absolute value of vorticity flux exceeds a critical value, the merging of the trailing side roll cells appears. Moreover, when the number of the trailing side vortex pairs is even, the absolute values of vorticity flux of the leading side vortices increase along streamwise direction. Otherwise, the absolute values decrease along the streamwise direction. By the circulation analysis, this phenomenon was found to have relationship with the merging of the trailing side roll cells, and further concluded that the secondary flow field in a rotating channel has to be treated as a whole. At last, the increase of the Reynolds number was found to be able to induce the merging position moves upstream.     

Combining MHD and kinetic modelling of solar flares

Solar flares are explosive events in the solar corona, representing fast conversion of magnetic energy into thermal and kinetic energy, and hence radiation, due to magnetic reconnection. Modelling is essential for understanding and predicting these events. However, self-consistent modelling is extremely difficult due to the vast spatial and temporal scale separation between processes involving thermal plasma (normally considered using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) approach) and non-thermal plasma (requiring a kinetic approach). In this mini-review we consider different approaches aimed at bridging the gap between fluid and kinetic modelling of solar flares. Two types of approaches are discussed: combined MHD/test-particle (MHDTP) models, which can be used for modelling the flaring corona with relatively small numbers of energetic particles, and hybrid fluid-kinetic methods, which can be used for modelling stronger events with higher numbers of energetic particles. Two specific examples are discussed in more detail: MHDTP models of magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration in kink-unstable twisted coronal loops, and a novel reduced-kinetic model of particle transport in converging magnetic fields.