Particle acceleration by stochastic fluctuations and dawn-dusk electric field in the Earth’s magnetotail

This work is devoted to investigate the interaction between protons and stochastic time-dependent electromagnetic fields generated by oscillating clouds of finite size, randomly positioned in the x–y  -plane. The geometry of the system is two-dimensional and, beside the time-dependent electromagnetic fluctuations, a steady-state, dawn-dusk electric field, _Ey$E_y$, has been added along the y-direction. The simultaneous presence of the stochastic time-dependent fluctuations and of the constant electric field component in the same system gives rise to two types of acceleration mechanisms operating on test particles: a second order Fermi-like process and a direct acceleration. By performing a parametric study, we extensively study the contribution of the two processes to proton acceleration. The energy values reached by test particles in this simple model are in good agreement with those observed in the Earth’s magnetotail region. Possible applications to the problem of particle acceleration in the terrestrial magnetosphere are widely discussed, and guidelines for future works are drawn.     

非结构化环境下月球车快速即时定位与制图方法

激光雷达的实时环境扫描与已构建环境模型之间的匹配是月球车即时定位与制图(SLAM)过程中的关键步骤,其收敛速度和准确性直接决定了SLAM的成败。月球表面是一种典型非结构化环境,其环境场景特征复杂。若通过三维激光匹配方式则传感器数据量大,特征匹配的难度高,实时性差。针对于此,本文提出了一种基于ICP算法的激光点扫描匹配方法－类等高线匹配方法,将二维激光雷达的实时扫描数据与已构建的三维环境高程图相匹配,利用RBPF粒子滤波实现位姿与地图状态的估计,采用自行研制的小型激光雷达硬件平台,较好地实现了月球车原理样机的快速SLAM过程。实验表明,基于该方法的即时定位与制图过程对于月球车位姿估计的鲁棒性强,实时性好。     

互击式气-气喷注器混合场影响因素流动显示

虽然针对互击式气-液喷注器开展了大量研究,但对互击式气-气喷注器的了解甚少。为了深入理解互击式气-气喷注器气气混合过程的特点,利用粒子图像测速(PIV)系统对其开展了流动显示实验研究。实验结果表明:对于O-F-O互击式气-气喷注器,气流撞击角度和氧/氢动量比直接影响着气流撞击作用的大小,控制着气流混合过程;对于喷孔间距保持一定时,撞击角越大,气流间的相互作用越强,气流混和效果越好;氧/氢动量比越大,气流间撞击力越强,混合距离越短,对中心气流的挤压作用越厉害,其流场分布三维特征越明显;可以通过组合高的氧压降、低的氢压降和大撞击角来设计混合效果较好的互击式气-气喷注器。     

自适应PSO网络整定的航空发动机全程滑模控制

针对现代航空发动机是一个具有不确定性的强非线性系统,提出了一种基于自适应PSO网络整定的航空发动机全程滑模控制方法。设计了一类全程滑模面非线性函数,函数中含有变参数指数函数,其参数由一种新的自适应粒子群学习算法(PSO)结合RBF神经网络来整定。全程滑模控制保证了控制系统的全程鲁棒性,同时,由稳态误差收敛速度和滑模抖振幅度建立参数优化指标,用自适应PSO神经网络快速搜索当前的全局最优点。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器取得了良好的效果,削弱了抖振。     

民用飞机燃油系统负加速度试飞技术研究

一个新型的民用飞机要投入航线使用,必须经过适航合格取证试飞,获得型号合格证、生产许可证和适航证,具备三证才允许走向市场。民用飞机适航取证试飞项目有许多,其中负加速度试飞是民用飞机燃油系统适航取证试验的重要验证项目。民用飞机负加速度试飞在国内尚属首次,具有对机组操纵技术要求高、风险难度大的特点。结合某型民机燃油系统合格审定试飞,研究了民用飞机负加速度的试飞技术,提出了用抛物线试飞方法来完成负加速度试飞任务。主要介绍了负加速度试飞中可能出现问题、试飞前应准备的工作、试飞方法等,并对试验结果进行了分析。     

Observations of Extended Radio Emission in Clusters

We review observations of extended regions of radio emission in clusters; these include diffuse emission in ‘relics’, and the large central regions commonly referred to as ‘halos’. The spectral observations, as well as Faraday rotation measurements of background and cluster radio sources, provide the main evidence for large-scale intracluster magnetic fields and significant densities of relativistic electrons. Implications from these observations on acceleration mechanisms of these electrons are reviewed, including turbulent and shock acceleration, and also the origin of some of the electrons in collisions of relativistic protons by ambient protons in the (thermal) gas. Improved knowledge of non-thermal phenomena in clusters requires more extensive and detailed radio measurements; we briefly review prospects for future observations.     

Particle Acceleration at Interplanetary Shocks

This paper briefly reviews proton acceleration at interplanetary shocks. This is key to describing the acceleration of heavy ions at interplanetary shocks because wave excitation—and hence particle scattering—at oblique shocks is controlled by the protons and not the heavy ions. Heavy ions behave as test particles, and their acceleration characteristics are controlled by the properties of proton-excited turbulence. As a result, the resonance condition for heavy ions introduces distinctly different signatures in abundance, spectra, and intensity profiles, depending on ion mass and charge. Self-consistent models of heavy-ion acceleration and the resulting fractionation are discussed. This includes discussion of the injection problem and the acceleration characteristics of quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular shocks.     

多普勒辅助测量IMM-PF机动目标跟踪

针对机动目标跟踪问题,提出了一种辅助多普勒测量的交互多模型粒子滤波算法.该算法利用粒子滤波解决系统观测与目标状态之间的非线性问题,并辅助多普勒测量信息在线估计目标角速率,作为目标转弯模型的参数.采用两个可内部切换的运动模型(常速度/逆时针转弯模型、常速度/顺时针转弯模型)作为交互模型,有效地描述了目标机动并减少了模型个数,进一步提高了算法的效率.对一个以不同角速率多次转弯的机动目标进行跟踪仿真,结果验证了算法的可行性和优越性.     

加速度对晶体振荡器的影响及补偿技术研究

晶体振荡器作为基准频率源,在电子设备中发挥着重要作用。晶体振荡器对加速度具有敏感性,振动、冲击、离心力等作用均会导致其输出频率失稳。讨论了加速度影响晶体振荡器频率及相噪的机理,介绍了目前降低加速度效应的常用措施,并提出一种基于数字补偿系统的新方法。     

Collision free 4D path planning for multiple UAVs based on spatial refined voting mechanism and PSO approach

In this paper, a four-dimensional coordinated path planning algorithm for multiple UAVs is proposed, in which time variable is taken into account for each UAV as well as collision free and obstacle avoidance. A Spatial Refined Voting Mechanism(SRVM) is designed for standard Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) to overcome the defects of local optimal and slow convergence.For each generation candidate particle positions are recorded and an adaptive cube is formed with own adaptive side length to indicate occupied regions. Then space voting begins and is sorted based on voting results, whose centers with bigger voting counts are seen as sub-optimal positions. The average of all particles of corresponding dimensions are calculated as the refined solutions. A time coordination method is developed by generating specified candidate paths for every UAV, making them arrive the same destination with the same time consumption. A spatial-temporal collision avoidance technique is introduced to make collision free. Distance to destination is constructed to improve the searching accuracy and velocity of particles. In addition, the objective function is redesigned by considering the obstacle and threat avoidance, Estimated Time of Arrival(ETA), separation maintenance and UAV self-constraints. Experimental results prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.