Study of the radiation fields in LEO with the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM)

We present the analysis of data taken by the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM). It is centred on a Timepix detector (300?$\mathrm{\mu }$m thick silicon sensor, pixel pitch 55?$\mathrm{\mu }$m, 256?×?256 pixels). It was flown on Proba-V, an Earth observing satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA) from an altitude of 820?km on a sun-synchronous orbit, launched on May 7, 2013. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to determine the detector response to electrons (0.5–7?MeV) and protons (10–400?MeV) in an omnidirectional field taking into account the shielding of the detector housing and the satellite. With the help of the simulation, a strategy was developed to separate electrons, protons and ions in the data. The measured dose rate and stopping power distribution are presented as well as SATRAM’s capability to measure some of the stronger events in Earth’s magnetosphere. The stopping power, the cluster height and the shape of the particle tracks in the sensor were used to separate electrons, protons and ions. The results are presented as well. Finally, the pitch angles for a short period of time were extracted from the data and corrected with the angular response determined by the simulation.     

船舶燃气轮机U型肋通道的颗粒沉积特性研究

为了探究船舶燃气轮机内部冷却通道的颗粒沉积特性,本研究从随压气机抽取的气体进入冷却涡轮内部冷却通道内的颗粒动力学特性及颗粒与壁面相互作用特性出发,基于高温壁面建立速度场影响的沉积模型,利用用户自定义函数实现沉积模型与CFD程序的嵌套。并简化船舶燃气轮机内部冷却通道,选取了在气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β=90°时,下游肋倾角α不同(α=30°,45°,60°,75°,90°),及在下游肋倾角α=60°时,气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β不同(β=30°,45°,60°,75°,90°)的八种不同内冷结构进行数值计算。研究表明,在气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β=90°不变时,随着下游肋倾角由α=90°减到α=30°时,弯头壁面换热性能和沉积率逐渐呈下降趋势,下游肋与肋之间壁面上颗粒的撞击率逐渐上升。下游肋倾角α=60°,气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β=45°的U型肋通道,在八个内冷结构中弯头壁面沉积率最少,换热性能最好,是能够有效改善船舶燃气轮机冷却涡轮的海洋环境工作适应性,减少内部冷却通道中颗粒沉积的内冷结构。     

Lifetime prediction based on Gamma processes from accelerated degradation data

Accelerated degradation test is a useful approach to predict the product lifetime at the normal use stress level, especially for highly reliable products. Two kinds of the lifetime prediction based on Gamma processes were studied. One was to predict the lifetime of the population from accelerated degradation data, and the other was to predict the lifetime of an individual by taking the accelerated degradation data as prior information. For an extensive application, the Gamma process with a time transformation and random effects was considered. A novel contribution is that a deducing method for determining the relationships between the shape and scale parameters of Gamma processes and accelerated stresses was presented. When predicting the lifetime of an individual, Bayesian inference methods were adopted to improve the prediction accuracy, in which the conjugate prior distribution and the non-conjugate prior distribution of random parameters were studied. The conjugate prior distribution only considers the random effect of the scale parameter while the non-conjugate prior distribution considers the random effects of both the scale and shape parameter. The application and usefulness of the proposed method was demonstrated by the accelerated degradation data of carbon-film resistors.     

不同粒径颗粒在涡轮流道内沿程温度及其与叶片的撞击特性研究

涡轮叶片表面的颗粒沉积会影响其气动性能和冷却效率,因此很有必要开展颗粒在流道内的运动、温度及其在涡轮叶片表面的撞击特性研究。基于离散相模型,采用CFD数值模拟了涡轮流道内的燃气流动以及不同粒径颗粒在涡轮流道内的运动轨迹与沿程温度变化,并获得了颗粒与涡轮叶片的撞击特性。模拟结果表明,随着颗粒粒径由1μm增加至200μm,颗粒在涡轮流道内的随流性变差,颗粒在流道内的撞击、反弹现象加剧,这促使颗粒在流道内的运动路程整体呈上升趋势;颗粒粒径的增大还会导致颗粒散热能力下降,促使颗粒的沿程温降逐渐降低;同时,颗粒粒径的增大会导致颗粒在导叶片表面的撞击系数上升,而动叶则与之相反。     

轴对称充液贮箱有加速度时的等效建模

用空间等效摆模型描述航天器储箱内液体晃动。根据液体晃动建模型与边界条件,获得了液体在贮葙腔内作涡旋运动时的赫姆霍兹方程。研究有加速度的平衡状态及小幅运动时固定腔体中理想流体的横向运动,分别求出每个腔体在固定基座上的固有频率和振型函数。航天器具横行速度和姿态运动时考虑航天器运动对加速度势的影响,给出液体对主刚体的作用力和力矩。由此建立了轴对称贮箱等效力学模型。加入干扰的动力学响应分析验证了模型的正确性和实际影响效果。     

Investigation of acceleration effects on missile aerodynamics using computational fluid dynamics

In this paper we describe the implementation and validation of arbitrarily moving reference frames in the block-structured CFD-code EURANUS. We also present results from calculations on two applications involving accelerating missiles with generic configurations. It is shown that acceleration affects wave drag significantly. Also, it is shown that strake-generated vortices move significantly in turns. These results clearly show the necessity of including the acceleration effects in the calculations.     

Advanced data acquisition system for SEVAN

Huge magnetic clouds of plasma emitted by the Sun dominate intense geomagnetic storm occurrences and simultaneously they are correlated with variations of spectra of particles and nuclei in the interplanetary space, ranging from subtermal solar wind ions till GeV energy galactic cosmic rays. For a reliable and fast forecast of Space Weather world-wide networks of particle detectors are operated at different latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes. Based on a new type of hybrid particle detector developed in the context of the International Heliophysical Year (IHY 2007) at Aragats Space Environmental Center (ASEC) we start to prepare hardware and software for the first sites of Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network (SEVAN). In the paper the architecture of the newly developed data acquisition system for SEVAN is presented. We plan to run the SEVAN network under one-and-the-same data acquisition system, enabling fast integration of data for on-line analysis of Solar Flare Events. An Advanced Data Acquisition System (ADAS) is designed as a distributed network of uniform components connected by Web Services. Its main component is Unified Readout and Control Server (URCS) which controls the underlying electronics by means of detector specific drivers and makes a preliminary analysis of the on-line data. The lower level components of URCS are implemented in C and a fast binary representation is used for the data exchange with electronics. However, after preprocessing, the data are converted to a self-describing hybrid XML/Binary format. To achieve better reliability all URCS are running on embedded computers without disk and fans to avoid the limited lifetime of moving mechanical parts. The data storage is carried out by means of high performance servers working in parallel to provide data security. These servers are periodically inquiring the data from all URCS and storing it in a MySQL database. The implementation of the control interface is based on high level web standards and, therefore, all properties of the system can be remotely managed and monitored by the operators using web browsers. The advanced data acquisition system at ASEC in Armenia was started in November, 2006. The reliability of the multi-client service was proven by continuously monitoring neutral and charged cosmic ray particles. Seven particle monitors are located at 2000 and 3200 m above sea level at a distance of 40 and 60 km from the main data server.     

暖机对涡扇发动机加速过程中压气机叶尖间隙影响分析

为了研究涡扇发动机暖机程序是否合理,分析了暖机与不暖机对发动机加速过程中压气机叶尖间隙变化造成的影响,并进行了两种情况下变化规律的对比分析。建立了转子模型,在综合考虑转子离心载荷与温度载荷基础上,运用该发动机暖机与不暖机情况下台架测试数据绘制载荷谱,并基于Workbench平台采用热—固耦合分析方法对加速过程中发动机转子径向位移进行仿真计算。根据转子径向间隙计算模型,利用仿真结果计算获得暖机与不暖机情况下的叶尖间隙。结果表明,充分暖机后的压气机叶尖间隙值明显小于不暖机情况下的间隙值,相对原始装配间隙,两者在慢车状态时相差19.86%,在最大加力状态相差8.04%,且加速过程中叶尖间隙变化规律均为随时间增加而不断减小,在慢车至中间状态过程中迅速减小,在加力过程中缓慢减小。     

液化天然气船舶动力系统加速性能优化策略研究

目的 针对船舶天然气发动机匹配定距桨直接推进加速速率慢动态性能差的缺陷，提出了一种系统级优化方案，设计并联型式气电混合动力系统，通过轴带电机辅助推进优化系统的加速性能。方法 建立船舶气电混合动力系统仿真模型，根据试验数据对LNG发动机的加速性能进行数据标定保证模型动态精度，以仿真手段分别验证混合动力系统使用变频器动态切换策略和变频器超前控制策略的加速优化效果。结果 综合考虑实际工程控制难度和加速过程优化效果，变频器动态切换策略优于变频器超前控制策略。结论 气电混合动力系统PTI模式使用变频器切换控制策略可达到较好的加速性能，在降低主机机械负荷和热力负荷的同时船舶快速性最大提升16%。PTO模式加速时轴带发电机负载转移至船舶辅机，稳定一段时间后切换至电动模式助推，加速性能可达到PTI模式加速水平。     

高速高温空气横向射流条件下直射式喷嘴 燃油轨迹研究

为了优化冲压发动机燃油系统的设计,对高速高温空气来流横向射流条件下直射式喷嘴燃油轨迹进行试验研究和理论分析,试验采用PIV拍摄油雾场,经过Matlab图像处理后获取穿透边界,获得不同空气来流压力(0.17~0.28 MPa)、来流温度(400~750 K)、来流速度(43.641~109.420 m/s)、喷孔直径(0.77~1.00 mm)、燃油压力(1.2~2.7 MPa)下燃油轨迹的变化规律。结果表明:空气来流参数中的温度、压力以及喷油参数中的喷孔直径、燃油压力等对穿透深度均有影响。在试验范围内,随着空气温度或压力增加,燃油穿透深度减小;随着喷油孔径或喷油压力增加,燃油穿透深度增加。通过对燃油粒子和空气来流动量比关系的分析,获得用于预测燃油轨迹的无量纲关系式。