一种基于粒子群优化的卫星仅测频被动定轨新算法

提出一种新的卫星对卫星仅测频被动定轨算法,采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)解决多维全局优化问题。首先,建立了卫星对卫星仅测频被动定轨的数学模型;其次,基于粒子群优化算法提出了对目标卫星轨道根数的估计方法;再次,推导了参数估计误差的克拉-美劳(CRLB)下限。最后通过计算机仿真对算法的性能进行了验证。多次仿真结果表明:该算法的参数估计误差接近克拉-美劳下限,且算法的运算量明显优于网格搜索法。     

三维喷流流场中固体颗粒效应的粒子仿真方法研究

采用粒子仿真跟踪颗粒相运动轨迹，采用高效ENO格式求解NS方程，数值模拟了有攻角条件下含颗粒相的横向喷流与超音速物体绕流形成的干扰流场。结果表明上述方法是研究气－相两相流动的有效途径，颗粒相存在对喷流流场结构及物体所受的气动力和气动热具有一定影响。     

基于试飞数据的涡轴发动机性能建模技术

为了实现军用涡轴发动机在装机状态下的虚拟预测试飞，通过罚函数法求解超定非线性方程组的最小二乘解，并采用回归分析对部件特性耦合因子进行曲线拟合，优化基准稳态模型，构建了某型涡轴发动机稳态性能计算模型；在此基础上，应用发动机加减速试飞数据，综合考虑部件容腔效应、转动部件的转子动力学和高温部件的传热效应，开发了涡轴发动机部件级过渡态性能计算模型。采用该模型对包线范围内不同工况的发动机稳态和过渡态工作过程进行了仿真预测，结果表明：与真实装机试验结果相比，发动机各工作参数的稳态预测精度在4.2%以内，过渡态预测精度在9.2%以内，满足工程精度要求。该模型能够满足虚拟预测试飞的技术需求，对涡轴发动机的设计、试飞和使用具有重要作用。     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Time-optimal trajectory planning for underactuated spacecraft using a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm

A hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with the Legendre pseudospectral method (LPM) is proposed for solving time-optimal trajectory planning problem of underactuated spacecrafts. At the beginning phase of the searching process, an initialization generator is constructed by the PSO algorithm due to its strong global searching ability and robustness to random initial values, however, PSO algorithm has a disadvantage that its convergence rate around the global optimum is slow. Then, when the change in fitness function is smaller than a predefined value, the searching algorithm is switched to the LPM to accelerate the searching process. Thus, with the obtained solutions by the PSO algorithm as a set of proper initial guesses, the hybrid algorithm can find a global optimum more quickly and accurately. 200 Monte Carlo simulations results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid PSO–LPM algorithm has greater advantages in terms of global searching capability and convergence rate than both single PSO algorithm and LPM algorithm. Moreover, the PSO–LPM algorithm is also robust to random initial values.     

Manned exploration and exploitation of solar system: Passive and active shielding for protecting astronauts from ionizing radiation—A short overview

In deep space manned missions for the exploration and exploitation of celestial bodies of Solar System astronauts are not shielded by the terrestrial magnetic field and must be protected against the action of Solar Cosmic Rays (SCRs) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs). SCRs are sporadically emitted, and in very rare but possible events, their fluence can be so high to be lethal to a unprotected crew. Their relatively low energy allows us to conceive fully passive shields, also if active systems can somewhat reduce the needed mass penalty. GCRs continuously flow without intensity peaks, and are dangerous to the health and operability of the crew in long duration (>1year) missions. Their very high energy excludes the possible use of passive systems, so that recourse must be made to electromagnetic fields for preventing ionizing particles to reach the habitat where astronauts spend most of their living and working time. A short overview is presented of the many ideas developed in last decades of last century; ideas are mainly based on very intense electrostatic shields, flowing plasma bubbles, or enormous superconducting coil systems for producing high magnetic fields. In the first decade of this century the problem began to be afforded in more realistic scenarios, taking into account the present and foreseeable possibilities of launchers (payload mass, diameter and length of the shroud of the rocket, etc.) and of assembling and/or inflating structures in space. Driving parameters are the volume of the habitat to be protected and the level of mitigation of the radiation dose to be guaranteed to the crew. Superconducting magnet systems based on multi-solenoid complexes or on one huge magnetic torus surrounding the habitat are being evaluated for defining the needed parameters: masses, mechanical structures for supporting the huge magnetic forces, needed equipments and safety systems. Technological tests are in preparation or planned for improving density of the current, lightness and stability, to increase working temperature of superconducting cables, and for finding light supporting structures and suitable safety architectures, delineating a possible development program for affording this difficult problem.     

Status and perspectives of indirect and direct dark matter searches

In this review article the current status of particle dark matter is addressed. We discuss the main theoretical extensions of the standard model which allow to explain dark matter in terms of a (yet undiscovered) elementary particle. We then discuss the theoretical predictions for the searches of particle dark matter: direct detection in low-background underground experiments and indirect detection of neutrinos, gamma-rays and antimatter with terrestrial and space-borne detectors. Attention will be placed also on the discussion of the uncertainties, mainly of astrophysical origin, which affect the theoretical predictions. The constraints placed by these searches on the extensions of the standard models will be briefly addressed.     

Coronal mass ejections acceleration problem

A statistical study of acceleration and its error of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) is performed. A total of 5594 CMEs events have been analyzed by using a least-square method and using the error in the height measures. We verify that slower CMEs (velocities in the interval from 200 to 500 km s⁻¹) tend to have a positive acceleration (about 1 m s⁻²) at heights above 5 solar radii, while less than 10% CMEs show an average negative acceleration (about −2.2 m s⁻²) as they propagate from 5 to 30 solar radii. For most individual CMEs one can not say if they are accelerated or decelerated, only for 8% of all observed CMEs events one can extract the sign of the acceleration in the 5–30 solar radii.     

基于离散粒子群优化算法的直升机减速器齿轮故障特征选择

粒子群优化算法自提出以来,由于其容易理解、易于实现,所以发展很快,在很多领域得到了应用。本文针对机械故障特征选择问题,提出基于离散粒子群优化(PSO)算法的特征选择方法,并在直升机减速器齿轮故障诊断中进行了应用。实验结果表明,离散PSO算法可以快速、有效的求得优化特征集,是求解故障特征选择问题的一个较好方法。      

Formation of relativistic jets by collapsing stars to black holes

Formation of relativistic jets in the magnetosphere of collapsing stars is considered. These jets will be formed in the polar caps of magnetosphere of collapsing star, where the stellar magnetic field increases during the collapse and the charged particles are accelerated. The jets will generate non-thermal radiation. The analysis of dynamics and emission of particles in the stellar magnetosphere under collapse shows that collapsing stars can be powerful sources of relativistic jets.