大型空间环境模拟器氦系统低温透平的相似模化与试验研究

对大型空间环境模拟器氦制冷系统,其关键和核心部件为低温透平膨胀机,它的性能优劣直接影响整个系统的经济技术指标。由于制造厂内一般很难获得设计条件下的极低温环境,而且目前氦气尚较昂贵,试验时通常用方便、易得的空气来代替,这就面临着透平膨胀机不同工质的相似模化问题。文章首先就前人提出的透平机械相似模化试验的各种方法进行回顾和阐述,然后利用这种模化方法对本系统所采用的固定喷嘴单级反动式向心透平膨胀机利用空气作为介质的试验数据进行处理和计算,获得了透平膨胀机的性能曲线。并将试验结果与理论计算相比较,获得了有益的结论,对氦制冷系统的现场调试有一定的指导意义。     

电离层中SEE现象的静电粒子模拟

利用网格粒子云（PIC）模型。在一定条件下，对电离层加热实验中静电波的激发和参量不稳定性的产生，作一维静电粒子模拟，模拟结果表明，SEE的特征与加热泵波频率ω0和电子回旋频率nωce之间的比值有关。入射泵波的电场与地磁场之间的夹角也是影响SEE的一个因素。     

Finite element analysis of an inflatable torus considering air mass structural element

Inflatable structures, also known as gossamer structures, are at high boom in the current space technology due to their low mass and compact size comparing to the traditional spacecraft designing. Internal pressure becomes the major source of strength and rigidity, essentially stiffen the structure. However, inflatable space based membrane structure are at high risk to the vibration disturbance due to their low structural stiffness and material damping. Hence, the vibration modes of the structure should be known to a high degree of accuracy in order to provide better control authority. In the past, most of the studies conducted on the vibration analysis of gossamer structures used inaccurate or approximate theories in modeling the internal pressure. The toroidal shaped structure is one of the important key element in space application, helps to support the reflector in space application. This paper discusses the finite-element analysis of an inflated torus. The eigen-frequencies are obtained via three-dimensional small-strain elasticity theory, based on extremum energy principle. The two finite-element model (model-1 and model-2) have cases have been generated using a commercial finite-element package. The structure model-1 with shell element and model-2 with the combination of the mass of enclosed fluid (air) added to the shell elements have been taken for the study. The model-1 is computed with present analytical approach to understand the convergence rate and the accuracy. The convergence study is made available for the symmetric modes and anti-symmetric modes about the centroidal-axis plane, meeting the eigen-frequencies of an inflatable torus with the circular cross section. The structural model-2 is introduced with air mass element and analyzed its eigen-frequency with different aspect ratio and mode shape response using in-plane and out-plane loading condition are studied.     

机械臂运动学建模及解算方法综述

以串联结构的机械臂为主要研究对象，首先调研了国内外机械臂正逆运动学建模及求解的主流方法，从数学工具、模型建立、求解手段等三个方面分析上述方法的基本原理，分析其优缺点。接着介绍了工程应用中解决机械臂运动学建模及求解问题所用的软件库，得到了不同软件库的精度和计算效率。最后提出了机械臂运动学建模及求解中存在的重要科学问题。通过总结上述方法，为研究人员在该领域内的理论研究及工程实现提供解决思路。     

一种新型气动舵系统的建模与分析

针对某超音速导弹用气动舵系统进行研究,描述了舵系统的基本结构和工作原理;对气动舵系统各组成部分进行了分析,建立了全参数舵系统工程仿真模型,并对整个舵系统数学模型进行了仿真研究。通过研究该模型可以方便的分析各个参数对舵系统性能的影响,有利于改善系统的静、动态性能,对气动舵系统的研究有重要意义。     

面向大型反射面天线结构的机电综合设计与分析系统

针对天线机电分离设计的现状,研究了天线机电综合集成技术和天线组合结构理论, 并采用精确PO法分析天线远区辐射电场,建立了面天线参数化设计的层次结构,解决了由背 架、反射面和中心体等组成的组合结构网格自动划分难题,研制了天线结构分析与电磁计算 综合集成系统。实现了天线虚拟样机的参数化设计、机电性能分析与判断,可获得天线位移 云图、应力云图与电场方向图等准确的重要指标信息。该系统可用来指导天线结构设计人员 的工作,改进天线设计手段和方法,提升设计分析质量,达到缩短设计周期、降低设计成本 的目的。     

Empirical model of cosmic ray spectrum in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during 11-year solar cycle

The galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are the main ionization source at altitude of ∼3–35 km in the atmosphere. For high latitude anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component has also a significant influence on the atmospheric ionization. We propose an empirical model for differential spectra D(E) of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during solar cycle. In the model data are used which cover three solar cycles: 20, 22 and 23. The LEAP87, IMAX92, CAPRICE94, AMS98 and BESS experimental spectra for protons and alpha particles are fitted to the proposed empirical model. The modulated GCR differential spectra are compared with force-field approximation to the one-dimensional transport equation and with solutions of two-dimensional cosmic ray transport equation. For experimental spectra, the calculation of the model parameters is performed by Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, applied to the special case of least squares. Algorithm that combines the rapid local convergence of Newton–Raphson method with globally convergent method for non-linear systems of equations is applied for theoretically obtained differential spectra. The described programmes are realized in algorithmic language C++. The proposed model gives practical possibility for investigation of experimental data from measurements of galactic cosmic rays and their anomalous component.     

Influence of the equinoctial asymmetry on the semi-annual anomaly in NmF2 near noon in the northern geographic hemisphere: A statistical study

Hourly values of NmF2 measured by 72 ionosondes near noon from 1957 to 2012 at low and middle geomagnetic latitudes of the northern geographic hemisphere are used to study the spring and autumn semi-annual anomalies in NmF2. The spring/summer, autumn/summer, spring/winter, and autumn/winter geomagnetically quiet NmF2 ratios, X_M, X_S, Y_M, and Y_S, respectively, taken near noon over each ionosonde for approximately the same winter, spring, summer, and autumn solar activity conditions are analyzed. The probabilities of occurrences of X_M, X_S, Y_M, and Y_S in intervals of change of these parameters, together with its most frequent and the mean expected values, and the probabilities to observe the F2-region spring and autumn semi-annual anomalies are calculated and studied for the first time for low, moderate, and high solar activity conditions. The geomagnetic latitude range between 10 and 55 degrees, where the ionosondes are located, is divided into 9 intervals of the same length of 5 degrees, the statistical parameters are averaged over each 5 degree interval, and the trends in these averaged statistical characteristics of the NmF2 spring and autumn semi-annual anomalies are calculated and studied for the first time. It is shown that the NmF2 equinoctial asymmetry can significantly affect the statistical parameters of the semi-annual anomaly in NmF2.     

Parametric instability of twisted cross-ply laminated panels

The present paper deals with the study of the vibration, buckling and parametric instability characteristics of general laminated cross-ply pre-twisted cantilever flat and curved panels. The effects of angles of pre-twist, aspect ratio, static load factor, and the lamination parameters of the cross-ply twisted curved panels on the principal instability regions are studied using Bolotin?s approach. An eight-noded isoparametric quadratic shell element with five degrees of freedom per node is used to develop the finite element procedure. The first order shear deformation theory is used to model the twisted cross-ply curved panels considering the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia. The linear part of the strain is used to derive the elastic stiffness matrix and the non-linear part of the strain is used to derive the geometric stiffness matrix. The global matrices are obtained by assembling the corresponding element matrices using skyline technique. Subspace iteration method is used throughout to solve the eigenvalue problem. Reduced integration technique is adopted in order to avoid possible shear locking. Based on the parametric studies, it is found that the instability behavior of twisted cross-ply cantilever panels is greatly influenced by the geometry, material, angle of twist and lamination parameters. So, this can be used to advantage in tailoring during design of crossply twisted cantilever panels.     

Martian obstacle and bow shock: origins of boundaries anisotropy

The origin of the anisotropy in the shape of the Martian obstacle and bow shock is analyzed using Mars Global Surveyor observations. The influence of MHD or ion pick-up effects on Martian obstacle position was to be small found, however, localized Martian crustal magnetization increases the thickness of the downstream planetary magnetotail by 500–1000 km in agreement with earlier Phobos 2 observations. A new analytical model is presented for Martian obstacle shape variation for different solar wind ram pressure. Elongation of the Martian BS cross-section in the direction perpendicular to IMF was confirmed while the shift of this cross section in the +Y direction of Martian interplanetary medium reference frame was discovered. The shift of BS cross section in the direction of interplanetary electric field was not revealed thus not conforming the idea that mass-loading play some role in BS control.