民机舱门安全机构监控逻辑分析

为满足舱门的功能要求和适航条例对舱门的安全性要求,民用飞机舱门设计有多种类型的机构,机构设计的优劣直接关系到舱门性能的优劣和适航取证的成功与否。介绍了民用飞机舱门机构的组成,基于最新适航条例要求,分析了民机舱门闩、锁、增压预防安全机构的设计要求和设计要点,提炼出舱门闩、锁、增压预防安全机构的监控逻辑要求。针对舱门安全机构监控逻辑要求,以成熟机型为例,给出了一种舱门闩、锁、增压预防机构的监控逻辑分析方法,分析了在传动机构单一失效情况下,舱门闩、锁、增压预防机构的状态及安全监控逻辑的符合性,并在舱门安全机构布局、机构传动关系、机构运动时序等方面给出了设计建议,为其他机型舱门安全机构设计提供参考。     

大型客机柔性后缘增升装置气动机构一体化优化设计

增升装置的设计对于大型客机来说是十分重要的,柔性可变弯的增升装置是未来大型客机的发展趋势,也是当前的研究热点。以某大型宽体客机内段翼型为研究对象,在襟翼内部的柔性变弯机构的带动下,可以使襟翼的后50%部分实现柔性变弯。在原始刚性襟翼的基础上,柔性变弯后的襟翼可使襟翼后缘增加8°的偏角。之后在三维后缘铰链襟翼机构的带动下,同时襟翼内部使用柔性变弯机构,采用"前缘下垂+后缘襟翼柔性变弯+后缘简单铰链襟翼联合扰流板下偏",进行起飞和着陆构型的二维气动/机构一体化优化设计,优化出来的结果与原始不柔性变弯的翼型相比,起飞构型的最大升力系数的增加量为0.119,着陆构型的最大升力系数的增加量为0.162,且着陆最优构型推迟1°迎角失速。     

大型飞机增升装置气动机构一体化设计技术进展

增升装置设计作为大型客机设计的关键技术之一,其设计水平的提升将极大提高飞机的整体性能。虽然先进增升装置方案朝着简单形式发展,但其设计目标将结合气动、机构、结构、噪声等复杂考虑因素,以达到最优的综合性能和提高飞行的安全性、经济性和舒适性,是个高难度多学科多约束耦合的设计问题。结合气动优化、机构设计、一体化研究等多方面增升装置设计难点进行论述,并提出相应解决方案,最终完成气动/机构一体化设计。分别回顾了干净构型到巡航构型的外形设计方法;起降构型的气动评估、优化方法;增升装置位置表达方法和机构设计研究现状。最后阐述了气动/机构一体化设计方法的思想,总结了国内外在该方向所进行的研究和取得的成果。     

Parallel algorithm and its convergence of spatial domain decomposition of discrete ordinates method for solving radiation heat transfer problem

To improve the computational efficiency and hold calculation accuracy at the same time,we study the parallel computation for radiation heat transfer. In this paper, the discrete ordinates method(DOM) and the spatial domain decomposition parallelization(DDP) are combined by message passing interface(MPI) language. The DDP–DOM computation of the radiation heat transfer within the rectangular furnace is described. When the result of DDP–DOM along one-dimensional direction is compared with that along multi-dimensional directions, it is found that the result of the latter one has higher precision without considering the medium scattering. Meanwhile, an in-depth study of the convergence of DDP–DOM for radiation heat transfer is made. Analyzing the cause of the weak convergence, we relate the total number of iteration steps when the convergence is obtained to the number of sub-domains. When we decompose the spatial domain along one-,two- and three-dimensional directions, different linear relationships between the number of total iteration steps and the number of sub-domains will be possessed separately, then several equations are developed to show the relationships. Using the equations, some phenomena in DDP–DOM can be made clear easily. At the same time, the correctness of the equations is verified.     

动压马达半球零件表面微观工艺特征对 产品设计原理的影响研究

零件加工过程的工艺因素都会给零件表面及表层带来(留下)特有的微观特征,这种微观特征与产品设计原理和零件性能特性要求的匹配性对高精度惯性产品的固有性能会产生至关重要的作用.首次在惯性仪表制造体系中引入了零件表面微观工艺特征性概念,以解决仪表精度提高和合格率问题.采用微观工艺特征分析方法思路,从产品设计技术特征(原理特征和性能特征)角度,从更微观、更微小的细节去识别、分析加工合格的零件存在的某些特征状态.初步分析了动压马达半球零件加工表面存在的两类微观特征可能导致惯性仪表生产合格率低、参数稳定性差的影响机理和特征形成的制造因素,提出了改变和完善产品制造工艺设计的思路.     

Matching mechanism analysis on an adaptive cycle engine

As a novel aero-engine concept, adaptive cycle aero-engines (ACEs) are attracting wide attention in the international aviation industry due to their potential superior task adaptability along a wide flight regime. However, this superior task adaptability can only be demonstrated through proper combined engine control schedule design. It has resulted in an urgent need to inves-tigate the effect of each variable geometry modulation on engine performance and stability. Thus, the aim of this paper is to predict and discuss the effect of each variable geometry modulation on the matching relationship between engine components as well as the overall engine performance at dif-ferent operating modes, on the basis of a newly developed nonlinear component-based ACE perfor-mance model. Results show that at all four working modes, turning down the high pressure compressor variable stator vane, the low pressure turbine variable nozzle, the nozzle throat area, and turning up the core-driven fan stage variable stator vane, the high pressure turbine variable nozzle can increase the thrust at the expense of a higher high pressure turbine inlet total tempera-ture. However, the influences of these adjustments on the trends of various engine components' working points and working lines as well as the ratio of the rotation speed difference are different from each other. The above results provide valuable guidance and advice for engine combined con-trol schedule design.     

An experimental study of elastic properties of dragonfly-like flapping wings for use in biomimetic micro air vehicles (BMAVs)

This article studies the elastic properties of several biomimetic micro air vehicle (BMAV) wings that are based on a dragonfly wing. BMAVs are a new class of unmanned micro-sized air vehicles that mimic the flapping wing motion of flying biological organisms (e.g., insects, birds, and bats). Three structurally identical wings were fabricated using different materials: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and acrylic. Simplified wing frame structures were fabricated from these materials and then a nanocomposite film was adhered to them which mimics the membrane of an actual dragonfly. These wings were then attached to an electromagnetic actu-ator and passively flapped at frequencies of 10–250 Hz. A three-dimensional high frame rate imag-ing system was used to capture the flapping motions of these wings at a resolution of 320 pixels × 240 pixels and 35000 frames per second. The maximum bending angle, maximum wing tip deflection, maximum wing tip twist angle, and wing tip twist speed of each wing were measured and compared to each other and the actual dragonfly wing. The results show that the ABS wing has considerable flexibility in the chordwise direction, whereas the PLA and acrylic wings show better conformity to an actual dragonfly wing in the spanwise direction. Past studies have shown that the aerodynamic performance of a BMAV flapping wing is enhanced if its chordwise flexibility is increased and its spanwise flexibility is reduced. Therefore, the ABS wing (fabricated using a 3D printer) shows the most promising results for future applications.     

Variable stiffness design of redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms

Redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms (RAPRPMs) adapt to the requirements of robots under different working conditions by changing the antagonistic internal force to tune their stiffness. The geometrical parameters of the mechanism impact the performances of modulating stiffness. Analytical expressions relating stiffness and geometrical parameters of the mechanism were formulated to obtain the necessary conditions of variable stiffness. A novel method of variable stiffness design was presented to optimize the geometrical parameters of the mechanism. The stiffness variation with the internal force was maximized. The dynamic change of stiffness with the dynamic location of the mechanism was minimized, and the robustness of stiff-ness during the motion of the mechanism was ensured. This new approach to variable stiffness design can enable off-line planning of the internal force to avoid the difficulties of on-line control of the internal force.     

高频动载叠加静载型电液加载系统优化设计

针对直升机操纵助力器工作时高频动载叠加静载气动载荷扰动的特点,设计了模拟高频动载叠加静载的电液加载系统对助力器进行加载.采用静载与高频正弦动载叠加的液压加载系统对助力器进行仿真.建立了电液加载系统的数学模型,在编制的操纵谱和加载谱条件下进行了系统的负载轨迹分析,得到了负载轨迹的解析表达式,进一步得到负载轨迹区域的外包络线的解析表达式.按照加载系统动力机构负载最佳匹配原则的优化设计方法,通过特征点组合并结合实际加载需求进行了液压动力机构参数的优化设计.     

局部进气条件下空气涡轮火箭发动机掺混燃烧研究

为揭示空气涡轮火箭发动机燃烧室中富燃燃气与空气在涡轮局部进气条件下的混合增强机制和燃烧反应机理,对富燃燃气与空气的湍流混合及燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,并结合试验结果定量分析了两类燃烧组织方案的掺混和燃烧效率。研究结果表明:涡轮局部进气条件下波瓣混流器强化掺混的主导因素是大尺度流向涡的对流型混合,涡轮局部进气对涡系的初始空间分布及涡量强度具有显著影响,其对下游掺混质量的影响与波瓣型面相关;肼分解燃气与空气的燃烧是一种分支链锁反应,其主要反应历程是氢气的氧化反应和氨气的分解,热混合效率可作为掺混燃烧效率预测的重要参考量。 