Experimental study on flow excursion instability of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel in scramjet regenerative cooling parallel channels

Flow instability of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel is a crucial issue in scramjet regenerative cooling structure. In this study, flow excursion instability and flow distribution in parallel tubes were experimentally studied for supercritical fluids. Two types of flow excursion occur in a single tube. Type I and Type II excursions, and they are corresponding to decreasing and increasing flow rate respectively. They can trigger flow maldistribution between parallel tubes and the hysteresis phenomenon of flow distribution. The effects of system parameters, including inlet temperature, system pressure, and heat flux, on flow distribution were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between flow excursion and the pseudo-critical interval proposed in the literature was established according to the heated tube outlet temperature at the onset of flow instability. Finally, the flow excursion instability boundary was obtained using two dimensionless parameters. These experimental results can provide helpful insight on the mechanism of Scramjet regenerative cooling.     

空间站梦天载荷适配器设计与连接精度验证

空间站舱外载荷适配器是一种用于空间站载荷进出舱及开展载荷舱外暴露试验的轻小型空间对接机构。介绍空间站梦天载荷适配器应用场景、设计思路、产品组成及定位原理;针对该产品高互换性及高定位精度的需求，对3°~120°均布的杆槽定位方式进行了数学建模分析及试验验证。得出了该定位方式具有良好的定位精度及互换性能的结论，在后续空间对接机构设计过程中，可作为备选构型优先考虑。     

Optimization of fixed aviation support resource station configuration for aircraft carrier based on aircraft dispatch mission scheduling

Before the dispatch of the carrier-based aircraft, a series of pre-flight preparation operations need to be completed on the flight deck. Flight deck fixed aviation support resource station configuration has an important impact on operation efficiency and sortie rate. However, the resource station configuration is determined during the aircraft carrier design phase and is rarely modified as required, which may not be suitable for some pre-flight preparation missions. In order to solve the above defects, the joint optimization of flight deck resource station configuration and aircraft carrier pre-flight preparation scheduling is studied in this paper, which is formulated as a two-tier optimization decision-making framework. An improved variable neighborhood search algorithm with four original neighborhood structures is presented. Dispatch mission experiment and algorithm performance comparison experiment are carried out in the computational experiment section. The correlation between the pre-flight preparation time (makespan) and flight deck cabin occupancy percentage is given, and advantages of the proposed algorithm in solving the mathematical model are verified.     

Derivation and validation of a similarity law for free-flight wind tunnel tests of parallel stage separation

Aiming at the safety problem of the stage separation of parallel reusable high-speed air vehicles, this paper studies the unsteady test method and focuses on deriving a similarity law of parallel stage separation free-flight wind tunnel tests. The new similarity law considers the influences of aerodynamic force and gravity on the motions of the two stages, as well as the influence of aerodynamic interference between the two stages on each other’s motion. From the perspective of multi-angle physical equations, the conditions to ensure that the two-stage separation trajectory of a wind tunnel test is similar to that of a real air vehicle are derived innovatively, so as to ensure the authenticity and credibility of wind tunnel test results. The similarity law is verified by an HIFiRE-5 air vehicle, and the separation trajectories of wind tunnel tests and the real air vehicle are obtained by numerical simulation. The research shows that the similarity law derived in this paper can ensure that wind tunnel free-flight tests have the ability to predict the two-stage separation characteristics of real parallel vehicles. By analyzing the separation trajectory curve of the typical state, it is found that the new method can ensure that the trajectory error of a wind tunnel test does not exceed 1%, which indicates that this method is credible. The establishment of the new method lays the foundation for subsequent wind tunnel tests and provides support for research on the safety of the stage separation of parallel reusable air vehicles.     

无强波构型理论发展现状研究

本文引入了一种由Busemann超声速双翼理论发展而来的无强激波构型,该构型可明显消弱超声速飞行时带来的波阻和声爆。文中分析了无强波构型的机理和气动特性,介绍了该构型理论研究和应用研究进展,并探讨了该构型在超声速飞行器设计应用中的关键性问题。该理论为未来低声爆超声速飞机的设计提供了一个全新的思路,是未来超声速/高超声速飞行器发展必要的技术基础。     

静止轨道实孔径微波载荷卫星构型方案研究

静止轨道实孔径微波载荷可实现全天时、全天候、高频次云雨大气观测，是台风、流域性强降水等致灾天气预报的重要手段。由于技术难度和研制经费等原因，世界上尚无在轨应用的先例。针对实孔径微波载荷系统集成度高、机械尺寸和跨距大，以及静止轨道卫星需要携带大容量燃料贮箱的问题，从准光学系统内嵌卫星平台、三贮箱平铺和天线统筹布局等3个总体系统层面，提出实孔径微波载荷与平台一体化构型，并研制了卫星结构星和载荷工程样机。通过地面试验验证了该构型方案，为静止轨道微波探测卫星研制打下了坚实的基础，也可为后续卫星提供借鉴。     

Conceptual design and analysis of legged landers with orientation capability

The lander with orientation capability is of fundamental importance for the “Returning” mission because its body can be the base with a suitable launching angle for the ascender lifting off. This paper proposes the conceptual design and verification of Landers with Orientation Capability (LOCs). Firstly, the topological composition of the lander is analyzed and expressed in the form of Lie group, which provides the fundamental principle for the type synthesis of LOCs. Then, the type synthesis approach for designing LOCs is proposed, which includes designing the Equivalent Parallel Mechanism (EPM) and the auxiliary limbs. Numerous mechanisms of LOCs with two-dimensional rotational motions are obtained based on the type synthesis approach by developing and combining the EPMs and auxiliary limbs. Afterward, kinematics and Jacobian matrix of a typical legged lander are developed, the workspace is analyzed, singularity configurations are analyzed based on the wrench graph method, and finally, the orientation capability is analyzed. The pitch and yaw angle reach 17.5°, considering the permissible range of joints. The proposed types of LOCs offer potential candidate for the “Returning” mission of the exploration mission.     

Enhancement on parallel unstructured overset grid method for complex aerospace engineering applications

In the present study, an efficient overset grid method by means of parallel implicit hole-cutting is proposed for the sake of simulating unsteady flows in aerospace engineering involving multiple bodies in relative movement. In view of the degraded computational efficiency and robustness for conventional overset grid assembly, several innovative techniques are developed within the overset grid assembly process, viz., a bookkeeping alternative digital tree method to speed up the donor-cell search...     

空间站梦天实验舱构型与布局设计及验证

针对梦天实验舱支持货物自动进出舱和科学载荷试验的任务需求，以及大质量、大尺寸的构型特点，结合天宫空间站双自由度对日定向的整体构型要求，从总体构型和布局2个方面，梳理梦天实验舱的设计约束、设计理念和技术实现途径，介绍梦天实验舱的构型与布局设计状态。通过仿真分析、试验模拟、在轨飞行等验证手段，验证设计效果，分析、总结梦天实验舱总体构型及布局特点，可为同类航天器的总体设计提供借鉴作用。     

石英谐振加速度计振梁内部热应力的抑制方法研究

石英谐振加速度计具有抗干扰能力强、准数字输出和易于集成等优点，但温漂成为了制约其稳定性指标的关键因素。本文通过全石英无异质材料设计和热应力隔离结构方案有效抑制加速度计振梁内部产生的热应力。传感器敏感结构由惯性质量块、铰链、固定基底和微谐振器组成，均采用石英晶体材料制备，且两个微谐振器呈差动布置可以通过差分对振梁内热应力进行部分抑制。通过微谐振器的四边形框架设计可以将工作环境中产生的热应力与振梁隔离，再对固定基底上的热应力敏感部分进行拓扑优化设计来抑制工作时从固定锚点处传递至振梁内部的热应力。本文对石英谐振加速度计进行了全温度下的有限元仿真计算分析，工作环境温度从室温到75 ℃，微谐振器振梁内部产生的热应力经优化后减少了99.41%以上。