构架式可展天线机构自由度分析——拆杆等效法

针对四面体构架式可展天线机构的多环耦合特性,提出了一种空间多环耦合机构的自由度分析方法——拆杆等效法。首先拆除四面体基本可展单元机构的耦合约束链,将剩余部分视为一个并联机构,然后应用螺旋理论分析各输出节点的自由度数目及性质,进而构造各输出节点与定节点之间的等效串联运动链,最后复原拆除的耦合约束链得到四面体基本可展单元的等效机构,应用修正的G-K公式计算等效机构的自由度数目,并基于反螺旋理论分析等效机构的自由度性质,从而获得四面体基本可展单元的运动特性。根据四面体基本可展单元的等效机构及其组合方式对最小组合单元及大尺寸构架式可展天线机构的结构进行了化简,并根据其几何特征约束方程推导了最小组合单元及大尺寸构架式可展天线机构的自由度。建立了由27个四面体基本可展单元组成的构架式可展天线机构的仿真模型,对该机构的自由度进行了验证,结果表明提出的拆杆等效法求得的自由度正确,为进一步分析此类天线机构的运动学和动力学奠定了基础,同时为其他类型的空间多环耦合机构的自由度分析提供了一种新的思路。     

螺旋桨-自由涡轮涡桨发动机稳态/过渡态数值模拟

为实现对涡桨推进系统整体推进性能的数学模型模拟,以螺旋桨/桨扇作为受飞行外流条件影响的推进系统内流部件之一,引入其特性图,用跟随流量方法解决螺旋桨-自由涡轮转子与涡桨发动机燃气发生器的流量平衡、功率平衡,发展了螺旋桨-自由涡轮涡桨发动机内流特性部件法数学模型,实现了对该类涡桨系统稳态/过渡态的数值模拟。对某8MW三轴桨扇发动机的台架转速特性和飞行任务剖面特性的数值模拟结果表明:该数学模型可以较为准确模拟出包含桨叶变动桨距角、攻角等在内的外流螺旋桨/桨扇部件工作点详细参数,和高度、速度、涡轮前温度同时变化的多条件、多变量涡桨发动机的稳态/过渡态推力、推力耗油率等特性.      

基于PIV速度场测量的压强梯度计算

介绍了基于PIV速度场测量结果计算压强梯度的基本原理和3种不同的计算方法,并通过对流高斯涡模型系统研究了离散格式选取、PIV参数设置和流场特征等对压强梯度计算的影响.结果表明:PIV速度测量的精度是压强梯度计算的关键性影响因素,1%噪声对结果的影响比其他过程高约2个数量级;时间分辨率和空间分辨率的设置并非越高越好,而是有个合适的中间值;拉格朗日方法在大多数情况下优于欧拉方法,但当流动结构较复杂时性能较差,应根据流动类型和流场特征合理选取压强梯度计算方法.      

Coupled Lagrangian impingement spray model for doublet impinging injectors under liquid rocket engine operating conditions

To predict the effect of the liquid rocket engine combustion chamber conditions on the impingement spray, the conventional uncoupled spray model for impinging injectors is extended by considering the coupling of the jet impingement process and the ambient gas field. The new coupled model consists of the plain-orifice sub-model, the jet-jet impingement sub-model and the droplet collision sub-model. The parameters of the child droplet are determined with the jet-jet impingement sub-model using correlations about the liquid jet parameters and the chamber conditions.The overall model is benchmarked under various impingement angles, jet momentum and offcenter ratios. Agreement with the published experimental data validates the ability of the model to predict the key spray characteristics, such as the mass flux and mixture ratio distributions in quiescent air. Besides, impinging sprays under changing ambient pressure and non-uniform gas flow are investigated to explore the effect of liquid rocket engine chamber conditions. First, a transient impingement spray during engine start-up phase is simulated with prescribed pressure profile. The minimum average droplet diameter is achieved when the orifices work in cavitation state, and is about 30% smaller than the steady single phase state. Second, the effect of non-uniform gas flow produces off-center impingement and the rotated spray fan by 38°. The proposed model suggests more reasonable impingement spray characteristics than the uncoupled one and can be used as the first step in the complex simulation of coupling impingement spray and combustion in liquid rocket engines.     

辐射换热对平板气膜冷却性能影响

为了分析辐射换热对平板气膜冷却性能的影响,分别对不考虑辐射换热(耦合计算)与考虑辐射换热两种条件下的平板隔热屏进行了三维流热耦合数值模拟研究,并与绝热壁(不考虑隔热屏固壁导热)的计算结果进行了对比。辐射换热采用离散坐标法。得到了3种不同主/次流总温比(Rt)条件下气膜冷却效果、流场、单位面积冷流体热负荷以及流量系数的对比结果与变化规律。结果表明:气膜冷却效果沿流向逐渐降低,且随总温比的增加而降低;在展向上气膜冷却效果呈现中间高两边低的分布规律,最大与最小相对值在绝热壁条件下达到最大,为94.5%,辐射换热次之,为13.5%,不考虑辐射换热时最小,为9.8%。与不考虑辐射换热结果相比,辐射换热对气膜冷却效果的影响在流动方向逐渐变大,气膜孔附近展向温度梯度增大,冷流体热负荷增加了92.8%,二者计算的流量系数相差不大,为1.1%,与绝热壁计算结果相比,流量系数减小了13.1%。随着总温比增加流量系数减小,最大值与最小值相差不大,为1.1%。     

基于降维算法和等效杆长的可展结构精度分析

考虑铰链间隙和杆件尺寸误差的不确定性并通过概率统计方法对其进行研究,提出了一种基于单变量降维算法(UDRM)和等效杆长模型的可展结构精度分析方法。利用UDRM将可展结构的精度性能函数解耦为多个杆件尺寸误差的独立作用形式,建立精度分析模型。引入等效杆长模型,等效杆件替代原杆件进行精度计算。将铰链间隙与原始杆件尺寸误差合并到等效杆件的尺寸误差中,同时证明了等效杆长尺寸误差近似服从正态分布。以某卫星可展开天线为算例,结合高斯求积公式求解展开状态下精度指标的分布期望和方差。通过与蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)和一次二阶矩(FOSM)法计算结果的对比验证了本文精度分析方法的正确性和高效性。     

转动薄壁圆柱筒振动特性:有限元法与解析解的对比

采用解析法和有限元法,研究了科氏力和离心刚化效应对不同约束条件下转动薄壁圆柱筒结构振动特性的影响,并进行了对比分析.结果表明,与解析解相比,有限元法计算得到的静止状态薄壁圆柱筒结构固有频率因边界条件不同而存在不同的差异,其中两端简支边界条件下与解析解吻合较好.随转速增加,前后行波频率差值加大,曲线明显分离,而这种分离趋势随周向波数的增大而减小.由于离心刚化效应的存在,相比于只考虑科氏力的影响,转动薄壁圆柱筒的行波频率有增大的趋势,并且当转速和周向波数较大时,前后行波频率均会大于对应的静频率.      

Investigation of dynamics of discrete framed structures by a numerical wave-based method and an analytical homogenization approach

In this article, the analytical homogenization method of periodic discrete media (HPDM) and the numerical condensed wave finite element method (CWFEM) are employed to study the lon-gitudinal and transverse vibrations of framed structures. The valid frequency range of the HPDM is re-evaluated using the wave propagation feature identified by the CWFEM. The relative error of the wavenumber by the HPDM compared to that by the CWFEM is illustrated in functions of fre-quency and scale ratio. A parametric study on the thickness of the structure is carried out where the dispersion relation and the relative error are given for three different thicknesses. The dynamics of a finite structure such as natural frequency and forced response are also investigated using the HPDM and the CWFEM.     

永磁力矩电机三相绕组不对称性改进方法研究

由于力矩电机多作为驱动电机使用,且电机对低速平稳性要求很高,所以选用了一种特殊的极槽配合方式。12极39槽的选择使得电机齿槽转矩较小的同时导致电机三相绕组不对称。降低绕组不对称对电机低速平稳性的影响,对提高绕组的对称性的方法研究有着重要的意义。以一台采用12极39槽的力矩电机为例,提出了一种绕组不对称性的改进方法,通过改变绕组的排列方式提高了绕组的对称性,且保证了电机的低速平稳性。最终通过理论研究与仿真分析验证了不对称性改进方法的有效性。     

A fast and automatic full-potential finite volume solver on Cartesian grids for unconventional configurations

To meet the requirements of fast and automatic computation of subsonic and transonic aerodynamics in aircraft conceptual design,a novel finite volume solver for full potential flows on adaptive Cartesian grids is developed in this paper.Cartesian grids with geometric adaptation are firstly generated automatically with boundary cells processed by cell-cutting and cell-merging algo rithms.The nonlinear full potential equation is discretized by a finite volume scheme on these Cartesian grids and iteratively solved in an implicit fashion with a generalized minimum residual (GMRES) algorithm.During computation,solution-based mesh adaptation is also applied so as to capture flow features more accurately.An improved ghost-cell method is proposed to implement the non-penetration wall boundary condition where the velocity-potential of a ghost cell is modified by an analytic method instead.According to the characteristics of the Cartesian grids,the Kutta condition is applied by specially computing the gradients on Kutta-faces without directly assigning the potential jump to cells adjacent wake faces,which can significantly improve the solution con verging speed.The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are validated by several typical cases of sub/transonic flows around an ONERA M6 wing,a DLR-F4 wing-body,and an unconventional figuration of a blended wing body (BWB).The validation cases demonstrate a fast convergence with fully automatic grid treatment and computation,and the results suggest its capacity in application for aircraft conceptual design.