Vortex structures downstream a lobed nozzle/mixer

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the evolutions of unsteady vortex structures downstream a lobed mixer/nozzle.Anovel dual-plane stereoscopic PIVsystem was used to measure all 3-components of vorticity distributions to revealed both the large-scale streamwise vortices produced by the lobed mixer/nozzle and the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex structures generated due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities simultaneously and quantitatively for the first time.The instantaneous and the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions displayed quite different aspects about the evolutions of the unsteady vortex structures.While the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions indicated the overall effect of the special geometry of the lobed nozzle/mixer on the enhanced mixing process,the instantaneous vorticity distributions elucidated many details about how the enhanced mixing process was conducted.In addition to quantitatively confirming conjectures of previous studies,further insight about the formation,evolution and interaction characteristics of the unsteady vortex structures downstream of the lobed mixer/nozzle were also uncovered quantitatively in the present study.      

试验用流速测试技术的新发展

流速测试技术是研究流场中气流流动特性的重要手段,了解现代流速测量仪器的原理和应用特点,对选择合适的仪器进行实验研究至关重要。本文介绍了国内外现代流速测试技术的原理和应用特点,并对各种测试仪器进行了流动速度测量的参数比较,依据比较结果给出了选取测量方式的若干原则,为气流流动实验选择合适的测量工具提供了有力的指导。     

槽道壁湍流的展向振荡电磁力减阻控制的PIV研究

壁湍流主要表现为条带和流向涡为主要特征的拟序结构和间歇性的湍流猝发事件,这些都会导致壁面阻力的增加,因此,为了实现减阻,需控制或消除壁面附近的流向涡进而抑制湍流的猝发。在该研究中,利用展向振荡电磁力对槽道湍流的近壁流向涡进行控制,以达到减阻的目的;并利用PIV测试系统对其进行了实验研究,讨论了这种电磁力的减阻效果及其减阻机理。结果表明：展向振荡电磁力具有减小壁面阻力的功能,其减阻机理为展向振荡的电磁力可以使条带倾斜,在流场中产生附加的负展向涡,导致近壁区域平均流向速度梯度的减小,因此,壁面阻力减小。     

等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究

为了揭示等离子体气动激励与边界层相互作用的物理机制,作者进行了等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究。实验结果表明：毫秒、微秒等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动以“启动涡”和“壁面射流”的形式出现;当激励电压为12kV时,最大诱导速度约为3m／s;激励电压越大,“启动涡”和“壁面射流”的强度越大;脉冲激励的作用强度和作用范围要强于定常激励。该结论为提高等离子体流动控制的作用能力提供了指导。     

竖直平板间湍流自然对流中螺旋羽流结构的实验研究

应用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）对竖直平板间水的温差湍流自然对流的流场进行了测量,并由测量所获得的速度场获取了涡量分布和散度分布。测量结果表明,在流场中的竖直展向截面和水平流向截面上都存在大尺度涡流结构,而且在部分涡量集中区域同时具有正的或者负的散度集中,速度矢量分布也表明水平截面上的这部分涡流结构呈现着清晰的源或汇的特征。这些现象都表明这部分旋转着的流体不但有切向速度,还有径向速度。这意味着这部分流体在旋转的同时也有向上或向下的运动,即同时具有在同方向上的涡量和速度,即螺度,而这是螺旋羽流结构的特征。这些涡结构,尤其是水平流向截面上具有径向速度的涡流结构的存在证实了竖直平板之间的湍流自然对流流场中大尺度的螺旋羽流结构的存在。     

等离子体激励器流场测量及诱导推力实验

为了深入了解等离子体激励器流动控制原理,采用PIV技术获得了静止空气中的等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流及其末端引射气流流场的流速分布和流态,并对由此产生的诱导推力进行了测量实验;研究了等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流加速机理和尾部流场形态以及电极对数对诱导气流加速的影响,并与推力实验结果进行比较。研究结果表明,等离子体激励器上表面空气被诱导产生定向流动,并在多对平行电极的作用下被逐渐加速;诱导气流在激励器末端的引射作用形成射流,增加等离子体激励器电极对数可以增大该射流的流速;所产生的诱导推力也随诱导气流流速的加速相应增大。     

前飞状态旋翼尾迹测量试验研究

利用PIV技术,测量前飞状态旋翼尾迹的横向速度分布及桨尖涡在横向剖面里的运动轨迹,得到了前飞状态旋翼两侧的尾迹边界及桨尖涡在运动过程中的耗散特性等,研究了风速及拉力系数对前飞状态旋翼尾迹和桨尖涡运动轨迹的影响。结果表明：前飞状态下,旋翼左右两侧尾迹的涡量值基本相当。旋翼尾迹沿径向急剧收缩,沿垂向逐渐下降,下降高度与流向距离几乎呈线性关系。风速、拉力系数的变化对桨尖涡及其运动轨迹有显著的影响。获得的测量结果为开展旋翼流动机理研究及提高CFD分析精度提供了试验依据。     

风力机翼型尾迹干扰的PIV研究

实验采用粒子图像测速仪PIV(particle image velocimetry)技术对风力机翼型尾迹的气动干扰进行了研究.针对尾迹对翼型前缘、叶背和叶盆的不同激励,对下游翼碰的流场结构进行了分析.结果表明:有益的尾迹激励为不明显改变下游翼型主流区的非定常激励;当上、下游翼型处于相同攻角和适当轴向距离时,在翼型前缘的...     

冲击发散冷却流场结构PIV测量

为了研究冲击发散冷却结构的流场特性,设计了一典型冲击发散冷却结构,采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)对其流场特性进行了研究.研究发现,在冲击板与发散孔板间,气流的流动状态很复杂,在各个方向上均形成大量的涡,且涡的形式和强度均随吹风比的变化而变化.在发散气膜侧,随着吹风比的增大,由发散孔流出的冷却气流会逐渐穿透主流,从而使得冷却气膜层愈来愈不稳定,脱离壁面;而在发散孔出口与主流方向垂直的位置会形成一对旋转方向相反的肾形涡,且涡的位置随吹风比的增大而移向主流区域.      

Effect of boundary conditions on downstream vorticity from counter-rotating swirlers

Particle image velocimetry(PIV) is utilized to measure the non-reacting flow field in a reflow combustor with multiple and single swirlers. The velocity field, vortex structure and total vorticity levels are experimentally obtained using two different boundary conditions, representing a single confined swirler and multiple swirlers in an annular combustor. The influence of the boundary conditions on the flow field at several locations downstream of the swirlers is experimentally investigated, showing that the central vortex in the multi-swirler case is more concentrated than in the single-swirler case. The vorticity of the central vortex and average cross-sectional vorticity are relatively low at the swirler outlet in both cases. Both of these statistics gradually increase to the maximum values near 20 mm downstream of the swirler outlet, and subsequently decrease. It is also found that the central vortex in the multi-swirler case is consistently greater than the single-swirler case. These results demonstrate the critical influence of boundary conditions on flow characteristic of swirling flow, providing insight into the difference of the experiments on testbed combustor and the full-scale annular combustors.