人体上呼吸道内稳态气流运动特性的PIV初步试验研究

人体上呼吸道内气流组织形式的研究对于进行气溶胶在呼吸道内的沉积分析具有重要的意义。应用粒子图像速度仪（PaniclehnageVelocimetry,PIV）对人体上呼吸道内的稳态气流运动特性进行了试验研究,研究结果表明：口腔中、下部气流速度略大,其它位置速度相对较小,咽部外壁气流速度较大,高速气流贴近喉部和气管内壁向下流动,在内壁形成高速区域。咽部外壁、喉部和气管内壁分布的气动剪切力较大,承受的气动负荷较大,容易造成壁面劳损和组织损伤。     

一级涡轮盘腔内流体速度场的研究

用粒子成像(PIV)的方法测量了一级涡轮盘腔内流体的速度场,介绍了试验装置、试验方法,并给出了速度场的瞬时值和平均值,分析了不同冷却气体流量对速度场的影响。在冷却流量较小的情况下,腔内的速度场主要由粘性力决定,并有外流入侵现象发生;在冷却流量较大的情况下,腔内流场由冷气流动的惯性决定,由于存在涡的缘故,在某一半径处流动发生了分离。     

低速离心压缩机旋转失速的试验研究

对某低速离心压缩机无叶扩压器壁面静压波动和内部流场进行了详细的试验测量,重点研究了小流量工况下的不稳定流动和旋转失速.在试验中,首先使用高频动态压力传感器获得了不同流量工况下扩压器前盖板处的静压波动,并对测量结果进行了频谱分析,以确定旋转失速起始工况点和不同小流量工况下的失速频率.然后使用PIV测速设备详细测量了在失速条件下,无叶扩压器及叶轮流道内部的流场变化.试验丰富了对低速离心压缩机旋转失速流动现象的认识,为设计高性能的离心压缩机提供了丰富的实验数据.     

冷却介质在层板内流动特性研究(第二部分 数值模拟复杂结构内流场)

用商业软件模拟复杂层板中冷却介质流动特性,以粒子图像速度(PIV)测量技术获得的实验数据,验证所选择的数学模型和数值方法.实验是在确定的径高比1及入口雷诺数4.1×104下进行的.用验证的数学模型及数值方法,向上下扩展雷诺数至2.05×104及8.2×104,改变层板径高比至0.5及2.0, 模拟这两个参数变化对层板内冷却介质流场的影响.模拟结果指出:在相同的径高比下,入口雷诺数的改变对层板内冷却介质流动特性影响很小;相反在相同的入口雷诺数下,径高比改变对层板内冷却介质流动特性有明显的影响.     

Effect of scavenge port angles on flow distribution and performance of swirl-loop scavenging in 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine

Swirl-Loop Scavenging (SLS) improves the performance of 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine because the involved swirl may not only benefit the scavenging process, but also facilitate the fuel atomization and combustion. The arrangement of scavenge port angles greatly influences in-cylinder flow distribution and swirl intensity, as well as the performance of the SLS engine. However, the mechanism of the effect and visualization experiment are rarely mentioned in the literature. To further investigate the SLS, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation are adopted to obtain its swirl distribution characteristics, and the effect of port angles on scavenging performance is discussed based on engine fired cycle simulation. The results illustrate that Reynolds Stress Turbulence model is accurate enough for in-cylinder flow simulation. Tangential and axial velocity distribution of the flow, as well as the scavenging performance, are mainly determined by geometric scavenge port angles α_geom and β_geom. For reinforcement of scavenging on cross-sections and meridian planes, α_geom value of 27° and β_geom value of 60° are preferred, under which the scavenging efficiency reaches as high as 73.7%. Excessive swirl intensity has a negative effect on SLS performance, which should be controlled to a proper extent.     

Experiments on unsteady vortex flowfield of typical rotor airfoils under dynamic stall conditions

A new experiment for airfoil dynamic stall is conducted by employing the advanced particle image velocimetry(PIV) technology in an open-return wind tunnel. The aim of this experimental investigation is to demonstrate the influences of different motion parameters on the convection velocity, position and strength of leading edge vortex(LEV) of airfoil under different dynamic stall conditions. Two different typical rotor airfoils, OA209 and SC1095, are measured at different free stream velocities, oscillation frequencies, and angles of attack. It is demonstrated by the measured data that the airfoil with larger leading edge radius could notably decrease the strength of LEV. The angle of attack(Ao A) of airfoil can obviously influence the dynamic stall characteristics of airfoil,and the LEV would be effectively inhibited by decreasing the mean pitch angle. In addition, the convection velocity of LEV is estimated in this measurement, and the results demonstrate that the influence of airfoil shape on convection velocity of LEV is limited, but the convection velocity of LEV would be increased by enlarging the oscillation frequency. Meanwhile, the convection velocity of LEV is a time variant value, and this value would increase as the LEV convects to the trailing edge of airfoil.     

Leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator

In order to promote an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuator excited by a steady-mode excitation, an experimental investigation of an SC(2)-0714 supercritical airfoil with a symmetrical DBD plasma actuator was performed in a closed chamber and a low-speed wind tunnel. The plasma actuator was mounted at the leading edge of the airfoil.Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) results of the near-wall region in quiescent air suggested that the symmetrical DBD plasma actuator could induce some coherent structures in the separated shear layer, and these structures were linked to a dominant frequency of f0= 39 Hz when the peak-to-peak voltage of the plasma actuator was 9.8 kV. In addition, an analysis of flow structures without and with plasma actuation around the upper side of the airfoil at an angle of attack of18° for a wind speed of 3 m/s(Reynolds number Re = 20000) indicated that the dynamic process of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil could be divided into three stages. Initially, this plasma actuator could reinforce the shedding vortices in the separated shear layer. Then, these vortical structures could deflect the separated flow towards the wall by promoting the mixing between the outside flow with a high kinetic energy and the flow near the surface. After that, the plasma actuator induced a series of rolling vortices in the vicinity of the suction side of the airfoil, and these vortical structures could transfer momentum from the leading edge of the airfoil to the separated region, resulting in a reattachment of the separated flow around the airfoil.     

双旋流燃烧室单头部油雾特性实验

为了获得双旋流燃烧室油雾特性,采用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）对其单头部油雾场进行测量.通过实验,获得了不同燃油流量分配、不同预燃级喷嘴位置对油雾特性的影响.在实验设计工况下所得结果表明:①直径约为80μm处的油珠体积分数最大,其他粒径的油珠体积分数都较小;②随着燃油流量增加,单开预燃级喷嘴时燃油雾化变差,单开主燃级喷嘴时雾化质量相差不大;③预燃级喷嘴位于旋流器出口处有助于改善燃油的雾化质量;④同时打开主燃级和预燃级喷嘴时,保持油气比不变,随着主燃级供油流量增加,雾化质量得到改善.      

机身减速板流动特性研究（英文）

现役高机动战斗机普遍采用机身减速板来减小飞行速度和转弯半径并提高机动能力。采用物面测压及空间流场测量相结合的实验方法,在机身减速板开度60°,机身迎角0°～70°条件下,研究了机身减速板铰链力矩随迎角的变化规律,分析了减速板迎风侧和背风侧的流动结构。研究结果表明：减速板铰链力矩按迎角可分为3个区域：常值区（α=0°～16°）,减速板铰链力矩基本不变,因为减速板迎风侧正压力逐渐减小,而背风侧负压力逐渐增加,两种相反的变化趋势相互抵消。非线性增长区（α=16°～32°）,减速板铰链力矩显著增加,因为减速板铰链力矩主要贡献区为背风侧,该迎角区内减速板背风侧存在一对不断增强的旋涡,背风侧负压力显著增加。在非线性衰减区（α=32°～70°）,减速板铰链力矩在迎角32°～36°范围内急剧减小,因为在迎角36°减速板背风侧旋涡流动变为速度较低的再附流动;减速板铰链力矩在迎角36°～44°范围内逐渐增加,因为该迎角区作用于减速板迎风侧的机身涡不断增强,导致减速板迎风侧正压力显著增加;减速板铰链力矩在迎角44°～70°范围内逐渐减小,因为该迎角区作用于减速板迎风侧的机身涡不断减弱直至破裂,导致减速板迎风侧正压力逐渐减小。     

直升机旋翼流场特性PIV试验分析

基于PIV技术对悬停和前飞状态的模型旋翼流场进行了试验研究,对比分析了不同前飞速度、总距、转速、方位等条件下的旋翼速度场和桨尖涡运动,获得了在悬停和前飞条件下旋翼流动特性,为旋翼非定常流动机理研究和桨叶气动设计提供试验支持.