基于深度学习的PIV流场图像修复技术

粒子图像测速技术（PIV）是空天动力装置研究中常用的流场测试方法。但对具有复杂流动特征的燃烧室,通过传统互相关算法处理得到的流场结果往往具有一定缺陷。本文将深度学习应用于PIV后处理中,以实现流场数据的异常检测和修复。在甲烷预混对冲火焰数据集上,将异常划分为两种类型,并搭建U-Net卷积神经网络架构。经过训练和优化,模型以较高置信水平识别两类异常并使用不同策略自适应修复,过滤噪声并保留原始正常数据。同时模型具有较好的可迁移性,可以为其它种类的流场数据修复提供参考。与POD迭代法和中值滤波相比,神经网络强大的非线性特征具有明显的优势,这种方法不仅修复率高,而且在不同工况下鲁棒性好。     

PIV技术在涡轮叶栅内流场试验中的应用

对三种高环流系数叶片叶型和五种相对节距的涡轮叶栅进行内流场试验研究,在研究中采用粒子成像测试技术(PIV),获得叶栅内S1m流面的全流场流动信息,并采用拓扑图论原理经计算机进行图像处理,获得S1m流面的速度矢量场和旋度场。对所获得的叶栅内流场分析表明,随着涡轮环流系数的增加,液体流经叶栅的能量损失增大;随着叶栅相对节距的增大,叶栅内脱流区增大、漩涡区的旋度值随之增大。该研究结果将给涡轮叶型的设计提供有价值的参考。     

合成射流控制翼型分离的流动显示与PIV测量

合成射流是一种新型的流动控制技术,近年来引起广泛关注.本文首先利用热线风速仪测量了基于声激励的合成射流流动特性,确定了最佳输入信号频率;采用流动显示和PIV测试技术,研究了合成射流对二维翼型分离流动的控制效果.研究结果表明,合成射流可以有效地抑制二维翼型在大迎角下的分离流动;PIV测试结果进一步表明,合成射流开启后使翼型上表面分离区域减小,分离点后移.应用合成射流控制翼型流动分离,可以大大改善翼型在大迎角下的气动特性.     

Tracking characteristics of tracer particles for PIV measurements in supersonic flows

The tracking characteristics of tracer particles for particle image velocimetry (PIV) mea-surements in supersonic flows were investigated. The experimental tests were conducted at Mach number 4 in Multi-Mach Wind Tunnel (MMWT) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The motion of tracer particles carried by the supersonic flow across shockwaves was theoretically modelled, and then their aerodynamic characteristics with compressibility and rarefaction effects were evalu-ated. According to the proposed selection criterion of tracer particles, the PIV measured results clearly identified that the shockwave amplitude is in good agreement with theory and Schlieren visu-alizations. For the tracer particles in nanoscales, their effective aerodynamic sizes in the diagnostic zone can be faithfully estimated to characterize the tracking capability and dispersity performance based on their relaxation motion across oblique shockwaves. On the other hand, the seeding system enabled the tracer particles well-controlled and repeatable dispersity against the storage and humidity.     

Experimental investigation of influence of strake wings on self-induced roll motion at high angles of attack

The modern high performance air vehicles are required to have extreme maneuverability,which includes the ability of controlled maneuvers at high angle of attack. However, the nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamic phenomena, such as flow separation, vortices interaction, and vortices breaking down, will occur during the flight at high angle of attack, which could induce the uncommanded motions for the air vehicles. For the high maneuverable and agile air missile, the nonlinear roll motions would occur at the high angle of attack. The present work is focused on the selfinduced nonlinear roll motion for a missile configuration and discusses the influence of the strake wings on the roll motion according to the results from free-to-roll test and PIV measurement using the models assembled with different strake wings at a = 60°. The free-to-roll results show that the model with whole strake wings(baseline), the model assembled with three strake wings(Case A)and the model assembled with two opposite strake wings(Case C) experience the spinning, while the model assembled with two adjacent strake wings(Case B), the model assembled with one strake wing(Case D) and the model with no strake wing(Case E) trim or slightly vibrate at a certain "×"rolling angle, which mean that the rolling stability can be improved by dismantling certain strake wings. The flow field results from PIV measurement show that the leeward asymmetric vortices are induced by the windward strake wings. The vortices would interact the strake wings and induce crossflow on the downstream fins to degrade the rolling stability of the model. This could be the main reason for the self-induced roll motion of the model at a = 60°.     

反射激波作用下重气柱界面演化的PIV研究

在水平激波管中采用PIV方法研究了反射激波作用下SF6重气柱界面的发展演化。采用射流方法形成SF6无膜气柱界面,并以乙二醇作为示踪粒子。利用连续激光片光源结合高速摄影相机对流场进行显示,得到了反射激波作用下SF6气柱界面的发展过程。结果表明,入射激波的冲击会在界面上产生反向旋转的涡环结构,而反射激波的作用会在界面上产生与初始涡环旋转方向相反的次级涡环结构。此外,对反射激波作用后的流场图像进行PIV后处理,获得了流场连续的速度场和涡量场。获得的环量与已有的理论模型进行比较,取得了较好的一致性,也验证了本文实验方法的可行性。     

An experimental method for squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion

Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss. In typical turbine environment, the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The development of experimental methods which can accurately model the real turbine environment and influencing factors is of great significance to study the squealer tip leakage flow mechanism. In the present paper, a low-speed turbine cascade test facility which can model the relative casing motion and wide range of variable incidence angles (−25° to 55°) is built. Based on the similarity criteria, a high-low speed similarity transformation method of the turbine cascade is established by considering the thickness of the turbine blade. A combined testing method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and local pressure measurement is proposed to obtain the complex flow structures within the tip cavity. The results show that the experimental method can successfully model the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The low-speed cascade obtained by the similarity transformation can model the high-speed flow accurately. The measurement technique developed can obtain the complex flow field and successfully capture the scraping vortex within the squealer tip.     

风沙两相流动光学测量及图像处理技术研究进展

介绍了自风沙动力学诞生以来所使用的各类光学测量方法,阐述了各种方法的优缺点和适用范围,针对最新光学测量技术在近代风沙两相流研究中的重要作用,着重介绍了PIV、高速数字图像测量及其图像处理技术在风沙两相流中的应用,指出光学测量在时间和空间的解析能力上的持续增长将为沙粒微观力学解析和风沙流宏观统计规律获取提供充足的支持.     

基于PIV技术的沙棘柔性坝影响下水流表面流速沿程变化特性试验分析

基于PIV技术,在野外试验基地,开展了沙棘植物柔性坝对水流表面流速场影响的野外试验.探索在大型野外水流试验中应用PIV技术的可行性.主要分析与讨论了沙棘植物柔性坝作用下水流表面流速的沿程变化特性,以反映沙棘植物对水流的阻滞效应.结果表明:将PIV技术应用于大型野外水流试验研究中是可行的;与无植物的对比段对比表明,植物对水流具有很强的阻滞消能作用,坝前表面流速最大,水流进入沙棘柔性坝后,表面流速迅速减小,水化雍高;受植物排的影响,沙棘柔性坝水流表面流速变化表现出缓慢的波浪型态或曲折的"之"字变化型态;水流流出沙棘柔性坝后,表面流速沿程开始逐渐恢复,并趋向于坝前对比段表面流速分布.本研究可为山区沟道开展以植物为主体的滞流拦沙水土保持生态工程提供理论依据.     

角区三维分离流附着鞍点拓扑结构及其演化

实验研究角区层流边界层三维定常分离附着鞍点拓扑结构的存在性及其演化规律.二维粒子图像测速(PIV,Particle Image Velocimetry)激光片光源设置于给定平板和不同模型组成的角区对称面,采用微距镜头捕捉对称面奇点附近的局部流动拓扑结构.实验证实在一定流动参数条件下多种形状模型与平板形成的角区均存在有别于经典分离的附着鞍点拓扑结构;随着雷诺数增加或者随着模型钝度的变化,附着鞍点拓扑结构与经典分离鞍点拓扑结构之间存在着一定的演化规律;对附着鞍点拓扑结构与Lighthill经典三维分离模式的关系进行了分析,表明Lighthill经典三维分离模式也适用于分析附着鞍点拓扑结构.