探针式光纤探头的有效检测深度

研究了探针式光纤探头的有效检测深度。采用扩散方程描述光在强散射生物组织中的传播规律,运用纽曼边界条件,使用灵敏度矩阵对有效检测深度进行了研究。灵敏度矩阵和光源与检测器的空间位置分布密切相关。光源与检测器对的灵敏度矩阵定义为：光源位置和检测器位置分别作为光源的光场分布的乘积。设计了6组针对不同参数的模型,参数主要包括光源、检测器光纤芯径、光源、检测器光纤中心距、光纤探头所处的深度、生物组织的吸收系数和散射系数。对探针式光纤探头在各组模型中的有效探测深度进行了仿真,重点研究了六种参数对检测深度的影响。所得结论可以推广到分析光纤检测器的空间分辨率和多光纤检测器的研究中。     

透波氮化硅纤维的综合性能评价表征研究

系统研究了氮化硅纤维的基本物理性能、力学性能和介电性能,并且探究了各性能的测试方法。结果表明,氮化硅纤维在1 500℃的高温强度保留率达到50%以上,介电常数为6.0左右,说明氮化硅纤维可以作为透波材料在苛刻的高温环境下长时使用。     

光纤数据网络线路码型分析

 运用Ｐｅｒｓｏｎｉｃｋ－ＣＣＩＴＴ法对光纤数据网络的５种线路码型分析,对比了在不同组态下的灵敏度及部分实用化特性,从而提供了在不同情况下网络线路码型选用的参考依据。     

Study on Microwave Dielectric Property of Carbon Black and Short Carbon Fibers

Carbon black and carbon fibers of different lengths were introduced in different matrices at different ratios to explore their microwave dielectric properties under 8.2 GHz-12.4 GHz. It is found that the actual dielectric constants of the samples containing carbon black are in a two-order function of the contents of carbon black （ε＇, ε＂=Av2＋Bv＋C） and the complex dielectric constants show an obvious frequency response. Of the added fibers of different lengths, the 4 mm-long one could well disperse in the matrices having not only good frequency response, but also larger real parts, imaginary parts and loss values. The imaginary parts and the loss values （tanδ）of the samples with 4 mm-long carbon fibers added increase linearly with the contents of fiber increasing. So it is practicable to adjust the dielectric parameters of the material in a wide range by changing the added amount of carbon black, and the carbon fiber or altering the lengths of the carbon fiber added.     

等离子喷涂制备W丝增强NiAl单层复合材料的界面研究

采用等离子喷涂法制备了W丝增强NiAl单层复合材料并研究了该材料内部与界面相关的问题.研究表明:作为增强体的W丝与NiAl基体具有较好的稳定性,制备态的W/NiAl界面为非冶金结合,其界面处无元素的互扩散及界面反应发生;在模拟热压工艺的两种退火热处理(800 ℃/3 h,1 200 ℃/48 h)状态下,W丝/NiAl界面的结合强度增加,但界面处未出现可见的元素的互扩散层,只是W丝与结晶后NiAl熔滴颗粒之间的氧化物层明显增厚.另一方面,等离子喷涂工艺会给NiAl基体内部带来氧化物的内分界面,该界面的存在会导致NiAl基体的脆断.     

用Weibull模数表征碳纤维的力学性能

碳纤维属于脆性材料,随机分布的缺陷控制其抗拉强度。用Weibull最弱连接理论及经验方程式可阐明和计算抗拉强度与CV值以及与直径的关系。本文提出用拉格朗日乘子多元回归计算的双参数双模态韦氏模型方法,并用直接拟合法计算三参数双模态韦氏模型,得到了很好的结果。     

纺丝温度对新型高导热碳材料性能的影响

利用中间相沥青纤维的自粘结性和沥青大分子沿纤维轴高度择优取向的特点,通过热压方法制备高导热块体碳材料。在纺丝和氧化条件不变的情况下,主要考察了中间相沥青的熔融纺丝温度对纤维性能和目标材料性能的影响。结果显示:(1)熔融纺丝温度越高,中间相沥青纤维的直径越大;(2)在合适的纺丝温度下所得的纤维经氧化后热压制得材料具有较高的弯曲强度、密度、热导率以及较低的电阻率。选取纺丝温度为308℃,所纺中间相纤维直径为20μm,氧化后经热压所得材料的密度、弯曲强度、热导率和电阻率分别为2.02 g/cm3、128.7 MPa、597 W/(m.K)和1.25μΩ.m。     

Optimal combination of InSAR and GPS for measuring interseismic crustal deformation

High spatial resolution measurements of interseismic deformation along major faults are critical for understanding the earthquake cycle and for assessing earthquake hazard. We propose a new remove/filter/restore technique to optimally combine GPS and InSAR data to measure interseismic crustal deformation, considering the spacing of GPS stations in California and the characteristics of interseismic signal and noise using InSAR. To constrain the longer wavelengths (>40 km) we use GPS measurements, combined with a dislocation model, and for the shorter wavelength information we rely on InSAR measurements. Expanding the standard techniques, which use a planar ramp to remove long wavelength error, we use a Gaussian filter technique. Our method has the advantage of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, controlling the variance of atmosphere error, and being isotropic. Our theoretical analysis indicates this technique can improve the signal-to-noise ratio by up to 20%. We test this method along three segments of the San Andreas Fault (Southern section near Salton Sea, Creeping section near Parkfield and Mojave/Big Bend section near Los Angeles), and find improvements of 26%, 11% and 8% in these areas, respectively. Our data shows a zone of uplift to the west of the Creeping section of the San Andreas Fault and an area of subsidence near the city of Lancaster. This work suggests that after only 5 years of data collection, ALOS interferograms will provide a major improvement in measuring details of interseismic deformation.     

微珠提高玻纤/环氧树脂抗原子氧剥蚀的研究

采用一种新的抗原子氧剥蚀技术来提高航天器用玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料抗原子氧剥蚀的性能,即在玻璃纤维/环氧树脂中加入不与原子氧反应的超细空心微珠颗粒制备出能抗原子氧剥蚀的复合材料.通过对空心微珠/玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的制备和原子氧剥蚀效应地面模拟试验,发现空心微珠的加入可以有效提高玻璃纤维/环氧树脂抗原子氧剥蚀的性能,在60 h的原子氧试验中,加有空心微珠的复合材料的原子氧剥蚀率可以减小到未添加空心微珠材料时的11％.      

聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PBO)纤维制备及性能研究

采用4,6-二氨基间苯二酚(DAR)与对苯二甲酸(TPA)缩聚的方法制备PBO聚合物溶液,在180~200℃使聚合物形成液晶态,利用干喷湿纺制法制备纤维。采用DSC、Raman及XRD等方法对纤维进行表征。制备的纤维与商品纤维相比,具有相同的结构和热性能,但表面形貌和强度有差异;两种纤维具有6个相同的主要Raman光谱带,但制备纤维的峰面积较小。制备的PBO纤维热降解温度达650℃,热牵伸处理可使纤维的模量提高至240~300 GPa。