航天器反作用轮扰动建模及参数辨识

为预测反作用轮微振动对航天器产生的影响,提出了一种改进的扰动模型.由于共振造成的扰动放大是反作用轮扰动对卫星姿态精度的最重要影响,改进模型通过引入放大系数体现结构固有频率对扰动的影响.鉴于改进模型的非线性特性,应用模拟退火遗传算法对改进模型进行了参数辨识.设计刚性六分量力测试平台对反作用轮扰动进行测试,并利用实测数据对改进模型及参数辨识结果进行验证.验证结果表明:改进模型准确地反映了反作用轮的扰动特点,模拟退火遗传算法可以提高参数辨识的精度.     

自动钻铆装备的激光测量系统法向误差研究

飞机装配中铆接部位的孔垂直度直接影响铆钉的连接质量和疲劳寿命,进而影响飞机的力学性能。为了保证飞机铆接垂直度要求,必须分析自动钻铆系统法向误差的影响因素。首先,确定了倾角误差、数学模型的线性误差与法向误差的关系。其次,给出了激光位移传感器安装参数的选取规律,并研究了其对位姿标定的影响。最后,实验验证了安装参数优化后的实际效果。研究结果可为法向测量装置的设计与分析提供理论指导,对于提升自动钻铆系统的法向精度,进而保证孔垂直度要求具有重要意义。     

机翼-机身柔顺对接装配及接触力分析方法

在机翼机身数字化对接装配中,由于制造误差、定位误差等因素,装配件在对接前不可避免地存在一定偏差,对接过程中连接结构可能出现磕碰、磨损和变形等现象。为了避免翼身对接装配中遇到上述情况,本文设计了一种五自由度柔顺对接机构,使部件对接过程中遇到干涉时能够柔性适应,根据目标部件的导向顺利完成装配。在此基础上,本文以叉耳式连接结构为研究对象,通过对翼身柔顺对接过程中连接结构的接触力情况进行分析,建立了翼身柔顺对接过程中叉耳式连接结构的接触力预测模型。     

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight (NVF) simulator is presented, which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids, a Rigid-Body Dynamics (RBD) solver and a module of the Flight Control System (FCS). A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing, with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces (e.g. the afterbody rudders of a missile). For the flow/kinematic coupled problems, the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver. The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model. A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model. Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law. Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.     

对转螺旋桨流场气动干扰数值模拟

基于结构网格动态面搭接技术,通过求解三维非定常雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(RANS)方程,对单独螺旋桨(SRP)滑流流场进行了数值模拟,结果与风洞试验数据吻合良好,在此基础上深入研究了对转螺旋桨（CRP）的非定常滑流效应及前后桨之间的气动干扰现象。计算结果表明:所采用的非定常RANS方法能够良好刻画对转螺旋桨滑流流场的发展变化特征,适用于分析前后桨气动干扰特性。前后桨桨尖涡的复杂相互作用是导致对转螺旋桨气动干扰的直接原因,后桨桨尖涡对于前桨桨尖涡具有一定耗散作用。在气动干扰影响下,对转螺旋桨气动力会产生周期性波动,波动周期与螺旋桨桨叶数相关, 6×6对转螺旋桨在1个旋转周期内产生了12次波动。气流穿过对转螺旋桨会发生两次加速,因此在相同工况下,对转螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数相比于单独螺旋桨分别增大约1倍,效率提升约1.5%。      

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

基于弹簧系统网格变形方法的旋翼气弹耦合分析

在旋翼气动弹性耦合（CFD/CSD）分析中引入弹簧系统网格变形方法,建立了一套适合于旋翼气动载荷分析的CFD/CSD耦合方法。为了解决CFD/CSD耦合中关键的网格变形问题,旋翼桨叶贴体网格变形采用基于“ball-vertex” 弹簧系统的动态网格方法,通过添加冗余约束,避免了畸形网格单元的产生。旋翼流场计算采用基于Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程的CFD模块,对基于运动嵌套网格 的空间流场进行求解,湍流模型采用B-L模型。结构分析采用基于中等变形梁理论的CSD模块,基于Hamilton变分原理建立旋翼桨叶动力学方程。首先对振荡NACA0012翼型的流场进行了求解,验证了网格变形模块和CFD模块的有效性,然后采用UH-60A直升机旋翼作为算例对结构动力学模块进行数值验证。在此基础上,计算了UH-60A直升机旋翼桨叶在前飞状态下的非定常气动载荷,并与飞行测试数据进行了对比。计算结果表明,文中的弹簧系统网格变形方 法可以有效地用于旋翼CFD/CSD耦合计算分析,提高了旋翼气弹载荷的预测精度。     

基于改进遗传算法的机器人动态路径规划

针对基本遗传算法解决移动机器人路径规划的不足,提出了一种改进的遗传算法。首先,采用栅格法对机器人路径规划进行建模。然后,提出一种生成初始种群的方法和精英策略,设计出自适应变异概率,提高了算法的求解质量。同时,在规划过程中,将全局路径规划与局部路径规划相结合,并且根据机器人与动态障碍物碰撞类型的不同,提出了相应的避碰策略。仿真实验表明:该算法优于基本遗传算法,能够有效地指导机器人在动态环境中实现避障,获得无碰最优或次优路径。     

自动钻铆技术在波音737尾段项目中的应用

通过自动钻铆技术在波音737尾段中的应用,介绍了自动钻铆技术的特点及工艺.     

移动机器人铣削制孔系统基准检测

结合航空大部件的数字化对接装配需求,设计了一套用于对接面铣削制孔的移动机器人加工系统,并提出具体的加工工艺流程。研究了基于激光轮廓扫描仪的大量散乱点云数据的预处理算法,提出基于栅格法和迭代拟合法的对接面特征提取算法。针对移动机器人加工系统在大场景下的高精度定位问题,提出基于扫描线法和最小二乘法原理的对接基准孔坐标找正算法。通过产品的加工实验验证,对接面铣削和制孔精度满足系统要求的各项技术指标,证明了本文提出的移动机器人铣削制孔系统的装配对接面加工方法能够精确地完成大部件数字化装配任务,对提高装配质量和效率具有重要意义。