固体火箭冲压发动机固定几何喷管设计问题(英文)

针对现有弹用固体火箭冲压发动机普遍采用的固定几何不可调节喷管,基于流量平衡的基本原理,建立了其理论设计及性能评估的数学模型。结合当前中远程空空导弹提出的Ma=2~3.5宽速度范围设计需求,运用所建立设计模型对实例设计方案开展了计算分析。结果表明,现有固定几何喷管本质上是为满足低速正常接力而折中设计出的,在高速巡航时,因扩张比偏小,不仅喷管出口气流速度和冲量小,而且导致燃烧室压强降低,还额外造成进气道结尾正激波总压损失加大,不能将进气道保有的捕获高速来流动能充分发挥出来。原设计方案在Ma=3.5高速巡航时,进气道实际总压恢复性能对比方案中的最大总压恢复性能水平,相对损失幅度高达42.67%,而且冲压发动机推力与其可能达到的最大值对比,相对损失幅度也高达31.8%。因此建议采用喷管调节技术来解决此类问题。     

动力学缩聚模型修正的矩阵逼近法

为避免结构动力学分析中修正有限元模型时的大型稠密矩阵运算,研究了一种用基于矩阵逼近的有限元缩聚模型修正法。根据有限元模型的缩聚和修正,给出了试验模态的扩阶、物理模态到广义模态的映射和矩阵逼近,并讨论了结构存在重频时模态的相关性。算例表明,该法可行。     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室冷态突扩气固多相流动的数值模拟

基于欧拉-欧拉双流体方法,建立固体火箭发动机燃烧室轴对称突扩气固多相流动的统一二阶矩两相湍流模型,采用k-ε双方程模拟气相湍流流动和颗粒相湍流雷诺应力kpg方程描述大尺度颗粒湍流运动、小尺度颗粒各向异性弥散特性以及气固相间作用。数值模拟了突扩流动中的颗粒轴向、径向平均速度和脉动速度以及颗粒-气相脉动速度关联轴向分量的分布特性,计算结果与试验吻合较好。研究结果表明:颗粒轴向速度脉动大于径向速度脉动,轴向平均速度梯度影响脉动速度峰值的发生位置和大小;两相脉动速度关联轴向分量大约是径向分量的2倍。     

Integrity of sulfur concrete subjected to simulated lunar temperature cycles

In view of potential application as a construction material on the lunar surface the mechanical integrity of sulfur concrete was evaluated after being subjected to simulated temperature cycles. Here, small cubes of sulfur concrete were repeatedly cycled between room (20 °C) and liquid nitrogen (−191 °C) temperatures after which they, and non-cycled cubes, were evaluated by compression testing. The compression strength of the non-cycled samples averaged ∼35 MPa (5076 psi) before failing whereas the cycled samples fractured at about 7 MPa (1015 psi). Microscopic examination of the fracture surfaces from the cycled samples showed clear de-bonding of the sulfur from the aggregate whereas it was seen adhering in those non-cycled. Based on a simple analysis it was concluded that the large strength discrepancy between cycled and non-cycled samples is due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials constituting the concrete.     

Singularity analysis for single gimbal control moment gyroscope system using space expansion method

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability. The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis. Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.     

高效离子电热水器的设计

描述一种由AT89C2051单片机控制的高效离子电热水器，该热水器使用安全，即开即热，转换效率高。     

一种膨胀映射的不动点定理

王尚志给出了若干种膨胀映射的概念，并证明了它们的不动点存在定理。对其中第一型膨胀映射的不动点定理做了进一步推广。     

正态分位点的矩阵算法浅析

假设标准正态的t分位点记为z(t),本文将根据z(t)的Taylor展开式中各个系数之间的矩阵递推关系,给出一种计算z(t)的近似值的方法,并给出具体的程序运算来验证本文的结论.     

Analysis of the data processing strategies of spherical harmonic expansion model on global ionosphere mapping for moderate solar activity

Spherical harmonic (SH) expansion is widely used to model the global ionosphere map (GIM) of vertical total electron content (VTEC). According to the impact of different data processing methods of the SH expansion model on the VTEC maps, we specifically performed comprehensive analysis in terms of the data sampling rate, the time resolution, the spherical harmonic degree, and the relative constraint. One month of GPS data (January in 2016) from the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) network in a moderate ionospheric activity period at the descending phase of Solar Cycle 24 was processed. To improve the computational efficiency of the daily GIM generation, the data sampling rate of 5?min was recommended allowing the GIM precision loss within 0.10 TECU (total electron content unit). The global VTEC map could be better represented in temporal and spatial domains with higher time resolution and higher spherical harmonic degree, especially at low latitude bands and in the southern hemisphere. The GIM precision improvement was about 10.91% for 1-h and about 15.15% for 0.5-h compared with the commonly used 2-h time resolution. The use of spherical harmonic degree 17 or 20 instead of 15 could improve the precision by 3.19% or 6.06%. We also found that an optimal relative constraint had to be found experimentally considering both the GIM precision and the GIM root mean square (RMS) map.     

失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析的高效算法

失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析对指导可靠性优化至关重要，本文从乘法降维及Edgeworth级数展开的角度提出一种失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标分析的高效算法。所提算法通过Edgeworth级数展开将失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标的求解转化为输出无条件及条件前四阶整数矩的求解。对于输出的无条件及条件四阶矩的计算，基于乘法降维的思想，本文推导了重复利用计算输出的无条件矩的输入输出样本来计算条件矩以及外层关于输入变量一维积分的计算公式，使得仅需重复利用输出无条件前四阶矩求解产生的积分网格内的数据即可同时求得输出的前四阶条件矩以及外层关于输入变量的一维积分。所提算法大大提高了失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度的分析效率。航空发动机涡轮盘以及汽车前轴的分析结果验证了所提算法的高效性及准确性。