航天发射用磁悬浮助推发射系统概念研究

针对日益增加的航天发射成本问题和安全、可靠、低成本航天发射方式的需求,阐述了磁悬浮助推发射概念及其优越性.初步分析了磁悬浮助推发射系统组成及各分系统功能.通过比较电磁悬浮(EMS)和超导电动(EDS)两种磁悬浮系统性能,结果表明EDS是更适合于磁悬浮助推发射的磁悬浮系统方案.通过助推发射能量需求初步分析,直线电机加速能量供给系统是难题之一,需要重点解决.采用飞行弹道分析方法,说明地面助推水平起飞单级入轨运载器方案的可行性及特点.与其它航天助推发射方式比较,磁悬浮助推发射在提高入轨载荷和降低发射成本方面具有优势.     

Remote sensing of natural resources : Legal and political considerations for the Third World

A state's posture on remote sensing of the Earth by orbiting satellites varies depending upon whether it is a ‘sensing’ or a ‘sensed’ state, upon its present economic status, and upon its economic and political history. This article considers the international legal questions related to remote sensing and discusses the political aspects with special emphasis upon the views of the Third World. The author concludes that, unless Third World states and others who support them alter their views somewhat, it is probable that remote sensing of natural resources will continue without specific legal guidelines.     

The infrared space observatory (ISO)

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), a fully approved and funded project of the European Space Agency (ESA), is an astronomical satellite, which will operate at wavelengths from 2.5–240 m. ISO will provide astronomers with a unique facility of unprecedented sensitivity for a detailed exploration of the universe ranging from objects in the solar system right out to distant extragalactic sources. The satellite essentially consists of a large cryostat containing at launch over 2000 litres of superfluid helium to maintain the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope, the scientific instruments and the optical baffles at temperatures between 2 K and 8 K. The telescope has a 60-cm diameter primary mirror and is diffraction-limited at a wavelength of 5 m. A pointing accuracy of a few arc seconds is provided by a three-axis-stabilisation system consisting of reaction wheels, gyros and optical sensors. ISO's instrument complement consists of four instruments, namely: an imaging photo-polarimeter (2.5–240 m), a camera (2.5–17 m), a short wavelength spectrometer (3–45 m) and a long wavelength spectrometer (43–196 m). These instruments are being built by international consortia of scientific institutes and have been delivered to ESA for in-orbit operations. ISO will be launched in September 1995 by an Ariane 4 into an elliptical orbit (apogee 70000 km and perigee 1000 km) and will be operational for at least 18 months. In keeping with ISO's role as an observatory, the majority of its observing time is being made available to the general astronomical community via a Call for Observing Proposals.     

一种改进的空间目标接近分析快速算法

Alfano-Negron(1993)提出的空间目标接近分析算法将最小相对距离及其对应时刻和进出误差椭球时刻的求解问题均转化为插值多项式求根问题.A-N算法在判断三次多项式根的存在性、筛选合理实根时存在缺陷,可能导致多余计算.由A-N算法提出的准则不能直接计算插值时间步长并可能导致丢根,对此根据多项式插值误差理论提出了一种自适应的插值时间步长选取方法.相比原始A-N算法,完善后的A-N算法计算结果更加可靠.与精确的逐秒比较结果相比,改善后的A-N算法计算速度远高于逐秒比较,具有较高精度,更适合于有实时计算要求的任务.     

基于内窥式PIV的回流燃烧室冷态内流场测量

为了突破传统测量光路限制,实现对航空发动机三头部全尺寸回流燃烧室模型试验件内部冷态流场精细化测量,自主搭建了一套内窥式PIV测量系统,在自模区工况下对其内部冷态流场进行了测量调试。结果表明,在壁面之上预设内窥小孔即可实现测量光路布置,采用大焦距光学适配接口能够很好的解决相机内窥镜成像圈较小的技术难题。通过缩短相机内窥镜工作距离和采取多种消光措施大幅提高了测量空间分辨率和信噪比,最终实现了模型燃烧室内部冷态流场精细化测量,获得了内部流场结构信息。     

固体发动机高空模拟试验瞬时真空推力的修正分析与计算

分析了当环境压强分布不均时，用固体发动机高空模拟试验实测瞬时推力修正计算瞬时真空推力问题；同时，根据一种发动机（SRMI）的试验现象，分析了引起发动机推力偏斜的因素，就这些因素对推力的影响给出了定量计算公式。     

纳米材料对环氧648树脂空间环境性能影响的试验研究

文章用试验方法研究了纳米粒子对环氧 6 48树脂空间环境性能的影响 ,主要空间环境模拟试验包括真空挥发、电子辐照、常压冷热循环和热真空试验等。纳米TiO2 、SiO2 的加入能大幅度降低环氧 6 48树脂的空间出气性能。树脂的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高 35 %和 2 0 % ,电子辐照后性能变化不大 ,常压、真空热循环后性能有所降低 ,添加纳米材料的有些性能还有所增加     

铆钉间距对二维SRAM蒙皮隐身性的影响分析

首先分析了二维电磁散射问题的有限元算法理论,编写了相应计算程序;然后对一布置有两铆钉的二维SRAM蒙皮模型在铆钉间距为20、40和60mm情况下计算分析了铆钉间距对其隐身性能的影响,结果显示铆钉间距越大,蒙皮结构的隐身性能越好。     

参数不确定空间机械臂系统的自适应鲁棒性联合控制

本文讨论载体位置与姿态均不受控制的自由浮动空间机械臂系统的控制问题，基于增广变量法，提出当机械臂与载荷参数不确定时自由浮动空间机械臂追踪惯性空间期望轨迹的自适应棒性联合控制方法。通过仿真运算，证实了方法的有效性。     

International involvement in the US space station programme

This article considers the issues surrounding the nature and extent of involvement in the US space station initiative. The motives and objectives of US cooperation with its allies are analysed from the perspective of both the USA and its potential partners. Guidelines for the forthcoming negotiations between these parties are elaborated through a review of past experience in international space cooperation. Developing a framework for collaboration will require significant trade-offs and will have to accommodate a number of not always consistent interests.