空间碎片撞击气瓶穿孔孔径预测公式研究

星上压力容器中储存有高压气体或液体,在受到空间碎片和微流星体超高速撞击时可能发生灾难性事故。文章采用均匀实验设计方法对星上常用高压气瓶的超高速撞击仿真方案进行了试验设计,并通过LS-DYNA仿真软件对其进行了超高速撞击数值仿真,获取了不同参数的弹丸撞击气瓶时气瓶器壁穿孔孔径。通过对器壁穿孔孔径的数据拟合,建立了无防护情况下气瓶器壁的穿孔孔径预测公式。与试验结果对比表明,建立的穿孔孔径预测公式具有一定的预测精度。     

文献《Validation of commercial fiber optic components for aerospace environments》点评

文章是对一篇SPIE会议文献《用于太空环境的商业光纤器件地面验证方法》的点评。介绍了商业光纤部件从市场采购到准备作为太空飞行部件使用前,在空间环境作用（包括真空、热、振动、辐射）下的地面工艺性合格鉴定试验技术。这项技术由NASA哥达德空间飞行中心（GSFC）创立并命名为“工艺技术有效性保证法”,该项技术还包括如何建立商用光纤产品制造工艺性合格鉴定试验验收标准或准则方面的内容。“点评”还针对文献中3个实例之一“水星激光高度仪”试验件的热与振动环境试验规范、试验夹具等重要试验技术信息进行详细介绍。     

Libration and end body swing stabilization of a parallel partial space elevator system

This paper studies the libration and stabilization of a parallel partial space elevator system in circular orbits. The system is made up of two paralleled partial space elevators, each of which consists of one main satellite, one end body and a climber moving along the tether between them. The libration characteristics of the elevator are studied through numerical analysis by a new dynamic model, and a novel control strategy is proposed to stabilize the swing of the end body by projecting the climber speeds only. Optimal control method is used to implement the new control strategy in the case where the climbers move in opposite direction. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy whose application will neither sacrifice the transport efficiency nor exacerbate libration significantly.     

Deployment dynamics for flexible deployable primary mirror of space telescope with paraboloidal and laminated structure by using absolute node coordinate method

A nonlinear dynamic modeling method for primary mirror of Flower-like Deployable Space Telescope (F-DST) undergoing large deployment motion is proposed in this paper. To ensure pointing accuracy and attitude stability of the paraboloidal primary mirror, the mirror is discretized into equal thickness shell elements by considering shell curvature. And the material nonlinear constitutive relation of flexible mirror is acquired using Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF). Furthermore, the primary mirror of F-DST can be regarded as a clustered multi-body system, and its dynamic equations of elastic deformation and deployment motion are established by virtual work principle. Finally, the deployment motion of primary mirror by different driving conditions are simulated, the results show that the vibrations of mirrors that driven by elastic hinge device are more than that driven by servo motor. In addition, single sub-mirror deployment process will perturb the pointing accuracy of primary mirror, and the multiple sub-mirrors simultaneously deploying will seriously affect all the sub-mirrors surface accuracy because of the coupling effect. Thus, there are theoretical value and practical significance for the controlling surface accuracy and attitude accuracy of space telescope.     

空间绳系机器人捕获目标后的面内自适应回收方法

在空间绳系机器人(TSR)捕获目标星后,操作机构与目标星形成质量、惯量和系绳连接点位置等参数未知的组合体,且系绳长度、偏角与组合体姿态严重耦合,控制输入严格受限,回收控制十分困难。针对其回收难题,综合考虑系绳长度、系绳偏角与组合体姿态,利用拉格朗日法建立了轨道面内的动力学模型,并基于动态逆理论设计了一种自适应抗饱和回收控制方法。首先,在对组合体质量、惯量与系绳连接点进行在线估计的基础上,设计一种自适应动态逆回收控制器;然后,设计辅助变量对控制输入进行补偿,解决控制输入受限问题;最后进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在线估计器能够快速有效地估计组合体动力学参数,回收控制系统能够利用受限的控制输入克服抓捕时刻的系绳偏角和组合体姿态扰动,并沿设计的回收轨迹实现稳定有效回收。     

A Carrier Synchronization Algorithm for Autonomous Radio Receiver in Deep Space

The carrier synchronization algorithm of the autonomous radio for deep space is studied. When the signal modulation is unknown, this paper improves the existing universal carrier synchronization loop for multiple modulations, expands the frequency tracking range of the loop, proposes a Tong detection-based M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) signal locking detection algorithm to rapidly and effectively determine whether the current phase discrimination mode matches the modulation mode, so as to independently choose whether to switch the phase discrimination mode. Through theoretical analysis and comparison, it is described that the total detection probability of the algorithm proposed in this paper is significantly higher than the probability of single lock detection. Simulation results show that the algorithm has high detection probability and low computational complexity at a low signal to noise ratio.      

非合作目标交会的双层MPC全局轨迹规划控制

针对空间非合作目标近距离视线交会中的全局最优鲁棒轨迹规划与控制问题,提出了基于高斯伪谱方法（GPM）和线性时变模型预测控制（LTVMPC）的双层模型预测控制（MPC）算法。在轨迹规划方面,以视线坐标系下的相对轨道动力学为模型、能量最少和控制精度最优为性能指标构建最优控制问题,利用GPM精度高、收敛速度快的特点将最优控制问题转化为易于求解的全局非线性规划问题,在MPC框架下求解得到全局最优的标称轨迹,克服了传统的MPC不适用于全局大范围非线性规划的缺点;在轨迹跟踪控制方面,考虑预测时域内状态转移矩阵的时变特性,设计了LTVMPC算法对标称轨迹进行追踪,避免了存在不确定性时轨迹的重规划,从而降低在线计算量,保证算法在线自主实施,并且采用滚动优化的策略使算法对不确定性具有鲁棒性。由于规划层和控制层考虑的约束相同,因此规划的轨迹是可控、可达的。数字仿真表明,在燃料消耗和交会时间等方面,提出的方法均显著优于传统的MPC方法,相较于传统的MPC方法,新算法的交会时间减少50%左右,燃料消耗降低30%以上。     

多普勒跟踪测量用于时空引力检验的尝试:(Ⅰ)理论建模

作为多普勒跟踪测量用于时空引力检验的尝试,在多普勒建模过程中加入了对于局部洛仑兹不变性(LLI)以及局部位置不变性(LPI)的检验参数。LLI/LPI是包括广义相对论在内的任何度规引力理论的基石。通过迭代求解多普勒建模过程中所需的光行时解,证明了只有在单程以及三程多普勒测量中可以检验LLI和LPI。鉴于该种测量手段无需额外载荷以及我国测控精度,可以尝试通过单/三程多普勒测量来检验LLI和LPI的科学目标。     

压缩氮气驱动的高速气炮实验技术

文章介绍压缩氮气驱动的二级气炮、三级气炮的研制背景、设计技术和发射性能特点,分析活塞质量、弹丸质量、驱动气压和泵管初充气压等发射参数对发射弹速和发射效果的影响,分析了制约提高弹速上限的主要因素,还介绍利用上述二级气炮和三级气炮开展的若干实验研究情况,评估压缩氮气驱动多级气炮的开发应用前景。     

一种空间极低温吸附制冷机的设计与实现

针对极低温吸附制冷技术的热沉制冷系统,系统分析了极低温吸附制冷的特性,研究了热沉温度对极低温吸附制冷性能的影响,研制了一台极低温吸附制冷机样机,工质气体为氦4,在1.5W@4.2K G-M制冷机基础上实现了50μW@0.8K的制冷性能,验证了基于机械制冷系统的更高热沉温度技术的可行性,这一成果为深空探测和载人空间站相关研究提供了技术支撑。