高精度大力矩补偿机构仿真模型

用于高稳定度卫星载荷扰动力矩补偿的补偿机构设计原理与力矩模式反作用轮类似,但具有输出力矩大、摩擦力矩大和饱和转速低的特点,且目前无针对性的仿真模型.迫于姿态控制系统的仿真需求,根据补偿机构的结构,合理简化的驱动控制电路的设计并结合反作用轮的建模方法,给出了详细的仿真模型.     

Active disturbance rejection control for drag tracking in mars entry guidance

Future Mars missions will require precision landing capability, which motivates the need for entry closed-loop guidance schemes. A new tracking law – active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) – is presented in this paper. The ability of the ADRC tracking law to handle the atmospheric models and the vehicle’s aerodynamic errors is investigated. Monte Carlo simulations with dispersions in entry state variables, drag and lift coefficients, and atmospheric density show effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于中心分级的高温升燃烧室性能预估

针对高推质比航空发动机高温升燃烧室的需求,提出一种中心分级燃烧室的设计方案,在保证与现有单环腔燃烧室扩压器尺寸、外机匣最大直径及燃烧室出口尺寸相同的情况下,对设计模型进行了三维数值模拟,并与现有的单环腔燃烧室数值模拟结果及试验结果进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:采用中心分级燃烧室,在获得更高温升的同时,可获得比单环腔燃烧室更高的总压恢复系数和比单环腔燃烧室更低的燃烧室出口温度分布系数(OTDF),其慢车工况下的CO排放和NO排放略高于单环腔燃烧室;在设计总油气比为0.045的情况下,温升可达1360K,总压恢复系数大于等于0.96,OTDF小于等于0.14,出口径向温度分布系数(RTDF)小于等于0.10,燃烧效率大于等于0.987.     

一种用于同步静止卫星监测的微型VLBI网

针对地球静止轨道（GEO）卫星全天时全天候高精度的监测需求，考虑传统甚长基线干涉（VLBI）测站高成本、高投入和GEO卫星专用观测时段有限等制约条件，研发了简易型VLBI观测系统，并组建了包括上海、都匀和乌鲁木齐三站的微型VLBI网（micro VLBI network，MVN），开展了并置站测试以及对GEO卫星亚太6C的连续监测，并评估了当前MVN的观测能力。结果表明MVN扣除系统差后的单站接收精度为2ns，各基线观测时延拟后残差约几纳秒，GEO目标实测位置精度为百米级（内外符精度分别约100m和400m）。不同于传统VLBI和其他GEO监测手段，MVN还具备全天时、全天候、低造价、易布设及易推广等特点，充分表明了其在GEO卫星监测领域的应用价值。     

Coating deposition regularity depended on orientation difference in PS-PVD plasma jet

The YSZ coatings are prepared by the plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) technology based on a specific experimental design. The structure, thickness and growth angle of YSZ coatings on the entire circumferential surface of the cylindrical sample are studied. The results indicated that the structure, thickness and deflection growth angle of YSZ coatings are related to the orientation of deposition location. The numerical simulation of the multiphase mixed fluid near the substrate is carried out and the deposition regularity and mechanism of YSZ coatings prepared by PS-PVD is deduced. The growth rate is related to the local characteristics of the plasma flow field, and is directly proportional to the field pressure and inversely proportional to the field velocity. The growth angle of the coating is generally affected by the flow direction of the plasma jet. Especially, the normal component of velocity vector, V_norm, mainly affects the speed at which the coating grows vertically upwards. The tangential component of velocity vector, V_tan, determines the degree that the coating growth direction deviates from the vertical direction. When V_tan ≠ 0, the coating forms a fine column with a certain deflection angle and finally develops into an oblique columnar structure.     

ITRS/GCRS transformation: Uncertainty propagation analysis and short-term modelling of IAU 2006/2000A developments

A study of the uncertainty propagation in ITRS/GCRS transformation is presented in this work. General law of propagation of variances is applied to the ITRS/GCRS transformation matrix, deriving the analytical expressions to compute GCRS position uncertainty. This evaluation is based on EOP uncertainties provided by IERS long-term series and formal uncertainties of ITRS-compatible coordinates. Numerical results for the period 1998–2016 are shown and discussed for ITRS positions in different altitudes and latitudes, providing graphical and numerical insights of the mapping of EOP uncertainties to transformed coordinates.Eventually, an analysis of short-term evolution of the Celestial Intermediate Pole coordinates in the GCRS provided by the IAU2006/2000A precession-nutation model is carried out, in order to assess the feasibility to potentially broadcast these parameters in GNSS navigation message. This approach would facilitate the dissemination of terrestrial-celestial transformation parameters for real time users, given that polar motion and UT1-UTC are already foreseen in GPS interface specification. The results presented in this work confirm the feasibility of this idea.     

复杂推力器配置控制能力的性能指标及其应用

针对多个推力器斜装且耦合强的复杂配置情况,首先基于矩阵范数理论提出一种适用于分析复杂推力器配置控制能力的性能指标——最小上界指令,给出其计算公式,并通过算例验证了该性能指标在评价配置控制能力的有效性;然后讨论推力矢量的幅值和几何分布对于该性能指标的影响;基于该性能指标,建立一个含参数配置阵的优化设计非线性规划模型,讨论了以增强配置控制能力为目标进行配置参数优化设计的方法．     

发展X-37B空间飞机的背后动因分析

文章通过对X-37B飞行器的飞行试验任务分析,指出了X-37B飞行器不是空天飞机,也不是全球快速打击平台,而是一种低成本太空进入能力的飞行验证器,它的作用定位在空间而不是在空中。通过飞行试验和验证试验,旨在打造一个可重复使用的轨道转移运载器。将美国2010年航天战略的重大调整、国际空间站的运行延期和航天飞机退役等事件结合起来,对X-37B发展的背后动因进行分析,有助于了解美国航天发展的未来趋势。经过动因的详尽分析,指出要特别关注美国航天战略调整的两个重心转向,尤其是两个转向背后的动机。如何正确地认识国际空间站的作用定位,对于审视载人航天的未来发展有重要意义。美国航天战略的调整使载人航天的重心回到近地轨道上。基于中国目前的能力现实,建议中国的载人航天重心放在地球轨道上,做好各种能力的建设,并利用这些能力把地球轨道上的事做得更好。     

组合体航天器姿态的智能自适应控制方法

研究了交会对接后组合体航天器构型变化带来的姿态控制问题,对执行机构在控制量受限时的控制能力进行了分析,应用基于特征模型的智能自适应控制方法,设计了能适用于不同构型的姿态控制器,分别对组合体在直线构型和L构型对接情况下进行了数学仿真,仿真结果验证了智能自适应控制方法可行并且具有一定的优越性。     

航空发动机温度传感器动态特性改善方法

在某次某型航空发动机的地面台架试车中,该航空发动机发生了喘振.为查证导致发动机喘振的原因,构建了该型航空发动机高压压气机可调静子叶片转角控制系统的数学模型,完成了联合仿真.理论分析及仿真研究证明了:温度传感器动态响应特性滞后是导致发动机喘振的主要原因.为解决喘振问题,设计了该传感器的动态性能校正系统.验证仿真表明:所采用的校正方案可在不影响系统正常工作的前提下,明显改善该高压压气机可调静子叶片角度的动态响应特性,并有效地防止发动机喘振.该温度传感器校正算法具有适应性良好,抗干扰能力强等突出优点,可为解决试车过程中暴露的发动机喘振问题提供重要参考.