活塞发动机高空最小点火能量计算及试验

根据原型机结构,应用AVL BOOST建立了航空活塞式发动机的一维仿真模型,通过地面特性仿真计算与试验研究,验证了发动机仿真模型的可行性和正确性;在深入分析可燃混合气燃烧机理基础上,建立了发动机最小点火能量计算数学模型;在此基础上,采用AVL BOOST与MATLAB联合仿真的方法,计算了发动机在不同高空、不同空燃比稳定运行工况下的最小点火能量,得出不同高空最小点火能量MAP图,并进行了试验验证,结果表明,所建立的最小点火能量的仿真计算模型是正确可行的,能够满足后续性能预测与研究的要求.      

Progress of microgravity material research during the period of 2007—2009

Orbital experimental researches on crystal growth of Mn-doped GaSb and Bi2Se0.21Te2.79 are briefly summarized. The space experiments were completed in September of 2007 on broad the Foton-M3 satellite of Russia. Ground-based researches on the solidification behaviors of Al-Al3Ni, Al-Al2Cu, Ag-Cu eutectic, Al-Pb monotectic and Cu-Co peritectic alloys in a 50-meter-high drop tube were investigated. New experimental results on the ultrasonic field and the temperature recycling induced to chiral symmetry breaking of NaClO3 crystal also were reported in the present paper.      

无人机用燃料电池阴极供气系统建模与控制

燃料电池因其高效、无污染、噪声小等特点,被认为是未来最具有潜力的无人机（UAV）用动力源,燃料电池阴极供气系统的控制技术是决定燃料电池系统性能和可靠性的关键。针对无人机用质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）阴极供气系统,首先,考虑外界温度、压力、空气密度以及雷诺数等随高度变化的参数,建立了跨高度离心空压机模型并分析了其在不同高度下的工作特性,基于无刷直流电机反电势特征构建了高速空压机驱动电机模型。其次,通过计算燃料电池阴极氧气和氮气的动态分压获取了PEMFC电堆输出电压。设计了基于分数阶PI^λD^μ的过氧比和阴极气压控制方法,驱动电机采用有限集模型预测控制（MPC）实现快速的转矩响应,仿真结果表明设计的控制器可在无人机跨高度运行条件下实现过氧比的快速调节,同时维持阴极气压稳定,满足燃料电池阴极供气需求。     

基于Origin语言的某型教练机发动机燃油系统故障诊断与分析

某型教练机在低空大表速飞行时,其发动机在最大状态下的供油量超过了发动机在各个状态的最大燃油流量软件值（GT=2300kg／h）,发动机从主燃油流量控制转为发动机应急流燃油量控制。本文对发动机色行数据进行了深入分析,同时结合发动机的三大特性,对其控制系统软件进行更改,经过后续飞行验证．发动机燃油控制系统下作正常。     

气压垂直导航中修正高度分析

在世界海拔最高民用机场四川稻城亚丁机场的基于性能导航(PBN)飞行程序设计过程中,由于GPS在垂直方向精度较低,最后进近航段采用气压垂直导航(Baro-VNAV).但机场海拔高,这种导航方式受到修正高度的影响较大.因此通过对ISA偏差对气压高度的影响公式进行推导,得出修正高度公式,利用Matlab对机场温度、航段高、机场标高与修正高度H修的关系进行分析,并以四川稻城亚丁机场Baro-VNAV实例进行了验证.最终给出了在PBN飞行程序设计过程中的建议.     

二元亚燃冲压发动机高空模拟扩压器气动设计

根据某型二元亚燃冲压发动机连管试验对高空舱内环境压力的要求,考虑高空台现有的抽气能力,充分利用冲压发动机排出燃气的能量,以提高模拟高度、节约能源、扩大高空台工作范围为目的,使用商业数值计算软件设计了一种高空模拟扩压器,并确定了最优的扩压器结构形式、结构参数和引射间距。     

On the effect of considering more realistic particle shape and mass parameters in MMOD risk assessments

One of the primary mission risks tracked in the development of all spacecraft is that due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Both types of particles, especially those larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, contain sufficient kinetic energy due to their combined mass and velocities to cause serious damage to crew members and spacecraft. The process used to assess MMOD risk consists of three elements: environment, damage prediction, and damage tolerance. Orbital debris risk assessments for the Orion vehicle, as well as the Shuttle, Space Station and other satellites use ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that have been developed using high speed impact test data and results from numerical simulations that have used spherical projectiles. However, spheres are not expected to be a common shape for orbital debris; rather, orbital debris fragments might be better represented by other regular or irregular solids. In this paper we examine the general construction of NASA’s current orbital debris (OD) model, explore the potential variations in orbital debris mass and shape that are possible when using particle characteristic length to define particle size (instead of assuming spherical particles), and, considering specifically the Orion vehicle, perform an orbital debris risk sensitivity study taking into account variations in particle mass and shape as noted above. While the results of the work performed for this study are preliminary, they do show that continuing to use aluminum spheres in spacecraft risk assessments could result in an over-design of its MMOD protection systems. In such a case, the spacecraft could be heavier than needed, could cost more than needed, and could cost more to put into orbit than needed. The results obtained in this study also show the need to incorporate effects of mass and shape in mission risk assessment prior to first flight of any spacecraft as well as the need to continue to develop/refine BLEs so that they more accurately reflect the shape and material density variations inherent to the actual debris environment.     

基于神经网络的飞行器总体优化设计

针对经验公式存在的精度低、适用范围受限的缺点,采用广义回归网络代替经验公式计算气动特性,并将其嵌入到优化设计流程之中,提出了一种基于神经网络的飞行器总体优化设计方法。神经网络的训练样本输入、输出数据通过试验设计和涡格法计算得到。以高空长航时无人机为例,选取航时与机翼结构重量系数作为目标函数,应用所提出的方法进行总体优化设计。计算结果表明,提出的方法是可行的,能够满足设计要求,同时降低优化过程的复杂程度,减少迭代次数。     

航天器热平衡试验中的热流测量技术

文章介绍了在航天器热平衡试验中到达航天器表面或被其吸收的红外辐射热流密度的测量技术。     

基于改进蚁群算法的飞机低空突防航路规划

蚁群算法是一种新型的基于群体的仿生算法。采用蚁群算法实现了飞机低空突防的航路规划,为航路规划问题提供了新的解决思路。并对原始蚁群算法进行了改进,提出了保留最优解、自适应选择策略和自适应信息素调整准则,有效地提高了算法的收敛速度和解的性能。最后用计算机进行了仿真,取得了较好的结果。