Model optimization method and connected-pipe experiment of a liquid fuel ramjet engine

The optimization method of a mathematical model and connected-pipe experimental technique for a test in altitude test facility (ATF) of a liquid fuel ramjet engine was researched.The optimization of the simple mathematical model was divided into two steps.Firstly,using the test engine's geometry configuration size data,a preliminary adjustment was done.Secondly,using experimental test data,the components' experiential coefficients were modified appropriately.Emphasis was laid on the simulation technique of flight condition and parameters measurement method.The experimental technique was applied to a ramjet ATF test successfully.The comparison results show that the optimized-model has higher precision and the nozzle gross thrust difference drops from 12% to about 4%.      

一组新的四元数轨道要素建模方法

针对传统以欧拉角为参数的轨道要素的奇异性、不确定性以及计算效率低等问题,提出了一种新的四元数轨道要素。建立了新轨道要素与经典轨道要素,以及新轨道要素与惯性系下位置、速度的相互转换关系,推导了基于新轨道要素的高斯摄动方程。以J₂项摄动下的轨道推演为例进行仿真验证,结果表明新轨道要素不仅在圆轨道与赤道平面轨道处不存在奇异性和不确定性,而且由于新轨道要素不涉及三角函数运算,新高斯摄动方程积分效率和计算精度明显提高。     

“神舟号”载人飞船开伞控制方案设计

载人飞船的开伞控制方案是回收着陆系统设计中的一个关键环节,它直接关系到飞船回收着陆系统工作的成败。文章根据载人飞船特点的分析,制订了飞船开伞控制方案,即采用静压高度控制法来控制开伞,然后根据静压高度控制的工作原理,详细介绍了开伞控制方案的设计方法和流程。仿真试验和飞行试验结果表明:"神舟号"载人飞船开伞控制方案的设计是合理的、正确的。     

直升机用轴流风机内部流动分析

通过理论分析、数值仿真与试验比较相结合的方法,对某型直升机用轴流风机不同工况下的内部流动进行了分析.结果表明,叶轮内部相对速度分布的理论假设适用于额定工况,但不适用于小流量工况.当直升机高空飞行时,风机工作流量低于额定工况,叶顶处容易出现回流,二次流损失加剧;同时飞行高度增加还易导致边界层分离、射流-尾迹区域扩大,从而使风机效率进一步降低;低能流体的集中,促使叶轮失速往往首先从叶顶处出现.在设计直升机滑油系统用轴流风机时,应注意对其变工况性能进行研究,对影响变工况下叶轮内部流动损失的主要气动参数进行优化设计,以提高系统高空工作的稳定性.      

低雷诺数分布式螺旋桨滑流气动影响

以高空长航时（HALE）太阳能无人机（UAVs）研究为背景,采用基于混合网格技术及k-k_L-ω转捩模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程的多重参考系（MRF）方法,对3种螺旋桨-机翼构型的低雷诺数气动特性进行了高精度准定常数值模拟,在等拉力前提条件下,通过对比机翼气动力系数及表面流场结构特征分析了分布式螺旋桨（DEP）滑流对FX63-137机翼的气动影响。研究表明：螺旋桨滑流影响使得桨后总压及流速显著增大,这是机翼升力增大的主要原因,但同时机翼阻力特性急剧恶化,升阻比反而降低;螺旋桨滑流向机翼边界层内注入丰富湍动能从而抑制流动分离,扩大机翼表面湍流范围及附着流动区域;分布式螺旋桨滑流与低雷诺数机翼表面复杂流动相互作用显著,主要表现为滑流区域边界展向涡结构的产生。     

超低空重装空投中货物运动对飞机的影响分析

为了明确在超低空重装空投过程中的货物运动对飞机的影响,构建了货物运动对飞机的影响模型,并通过实例对货物运动状态以及飞机相应的影响程度进行计算分析,拟合出货物运动状态和飞机三个方向上的受力状态、力矩以及重心偏移量随时间的变化曲线,实现了货物运动过程对飞机影响的可视化。该模型为飞机在超低空重装空投中飞机姿态调整提供了重要依据和帮助。     

Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

掠海飞行导弹基于滤波的滑模高度控制

超低空掠海飞行反舰导弹或巡航导弹的高度表测量信号受到海浪噪声严重影响,其传统控制方法在海面风等干扰因素影响下,导弹难以保持定高飞行,容易失稳落水。采用基于滤波的滑模高度控制方法,利用组合高度测量Kalman滤波估计,有效消除海浪和测量噪声,提出一种基于趋近律的滑模控制方案,该方案具有控制参数少、抖振不明显、便于应用的优点。仿真表明,通过组合滤波,比较准确获取导弹飞行高度信息。与PID控制方法和常规滑模控制方法相比,基于趋近律滑模控制方法抗干扰性强,响应速度快,动态品质良好。应用该方法,导弹能够在较恶劣海情和海面风干扰下实现稳定掠海飞行,有效降低击水概率。     

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.     

Fast calculation method for mission opportunities in orbital interception and rendezvous problems

This paper proposes a fast calculation method to solve all mission opportunities for orbital interception and orbital rendezvous under the impulse-magnitude constraint. Different from the existing search methods, the proposed method does not need to solve Lambert’s problem in the whole process. Three cases are considered for either departure time or transfer time being free, or both being free. For fixed departure time, the feasible windows of transfer time are obtained by solving a single-variable nonlinear equation only of terminal true anomaly. Similarly, for fixed interception (or rendezvous) time, the feasible windows of departure time are obtained. For free departure time and free transfer time, all mission opportunities are obtained by using a one-dimensional search strategy. The hyperbolic-transfer and the multiple-revolution cases are also analyzed. Numerical results show that the proposed method is superior to the typical pork-chop plot method and the two-dimensional launch window method in computational time.