太阳同步(准)回归轨道卫星的轨道保持方法研究

文中使用解析方法对太阳同步 (准 )回归轨道卫星动力学特性进行了研究 ,分析了非球摄动、大气阻力摄动和太阳引力谐振等主要摄动因素对太阳同步 (准 )回归轨道卫星的影响 ,并以此为依据对太阳同步 (准 )回归轨道卫星的轨道保持方法进行了探讨。定量分析结果表明 ,该方法切实可行 ,可以为轨道设计和轨道控制研究工作提供参考。     

A numerical optimization of high altitude testing facility for wind tunnel experiments

High altitude test facilities are required to test the high area ratio nozzles operating at the upper stages of rocket in the nozzle full flow conditions.It is typically achieved by creating the ambient pressure equal or less than the nozzle exit pressure.On average,air/GN2is used as active gas for ejector system that is stored in the high pressure cylinders.The wind tunnel facilities are used for conducting aerodynamic simulation experiments at/under various flow velocities and operating conditions.However,constructing both of these facilities require more laboratory space and expensive instruments.Because of this demerit,a novel scheme is implemented for conducting wind tunnel experiments by using the existing infrastructure available in the high altitude testing(HAT)facility.This article presents the details about the methods implemented for suitably modifying the sub-scale HAT facility to conduct wind tunnel experiments.Hence,the design of nozzle for required area ratio A/A*,realization of test section and the optimized configuration are focused in the present analysis.Specific insights into various rocket models including high thrust cryogenic engines and their holding mechanisms to conduct wind tunnel experiments in the HAT facility are analyzed.A detailed CFD analysis is done to propose this conversion without affecting the existing functional requirements of the HAT facility.     

Tangent-impulse transfer from elliptic orbit to an excess velocity vector

The two-body orbital transfer problem from an elliptic parking orbit to an excess veloc-ity vector with the tangent impulse is studied. The direction of the impulse is constrained to be aligned with the velocity vector, then speed changes are enough to nullify the relative velocity. First, if one tangent impulse is used, the transfer orbit is obtained by solving a single-variable function about the true anomaly of the initial orbit. For the initial circular orbit, the closed-form solution is derived. For the initial elliptic orbit, the discontinuous point is solved, then the initial true anomaly is obtained by a numerical iterative approach; moreover, an alternative method is proposed to avoid the singularity. There is only one solution for one-tangent-impulse escape trajectory. Then, based on the one-tangent-impulse solution, the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is obtained by a numerical optimization algorithm, e.g., the genetic method. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the proposed method. The numerical results show that the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is the same as the one-tangent-impulse trajectory.     

An active debris removal parametric study for LEO environment remediation

Recent analyses on the instability of the orbital debris population in the low Earth orbit (LEO) region and the collision between Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 have reignited interest in using active debris removal (ADR) to remediate the environment. There are, however, monumental technical, resource, operational, legal, and political challenges in making economically viable ADR a reality. Before a consensus on the need for ADR can be reached, a careful analysis of its effectiveness must be conducted. The goal is to demonstrate the need and feasibility of using ADR to better preserve the future environment and to explore different operational options to maximize the benefit-to-cost ratio. This paper describes a new sensitivity study on using ADR to stabilize the future LEO debris environment. The NASA long-term orbital debris evolutionary model, LEGEND, is used to quantify the effects of several key parameters, including target selection criteria/constraints and the starting epoch of ADR implementation. Additional analyses on potential ADR targets among the existing satellites and the benefits of collision avoidance maneuvers are also included.     

基于均匀圆形天线阵的涡旋电磁波产生与接收误差分析

为分析均匀圆形天线阵产生与接收涡旋电磁波时的误差特性,研究天线阵元激励相位存在高斯分布误差、量化误差以及单个阵元误差时产生的涡旋电磁波幅相特征,计算轨道角动量模态并给出准确辨认模态时的各误差阈值,分析接收阵列与产生阵列不平行时的幅相分布.仿真结果表明,在各类相位误差条件下,涡旋电磁波主瓣幅度由环状变得不规则,相位在主瓣宽度内保持良好,轨道角动量模态在小倾斜角接收误差下不能辨认.研究结果说明涡旋电磁波对各类激励相位误差具有良好的抗干扰特性,对倾斜角接收误差具有较高的敏感性,这将为利用涡旋电磁波实现多路复用奠定基础.     

基于海杂波对消技术的无线电引信超低空技术研究

无线电引信超低空性能实现的关键就是抑制海杂波,提取出目标信号.目前常用的距离波门截止技术和频谱识别技术所能达到的超低空性能还分别有其不足之处.文中针对以上两种技术的缺点,从海杂波对消的角度出发,提出了一种简单而有效的海杂波抑制方法.     

低高度内辐射带高能质子空间分布位形的研究

利用国际地磁参考场模式(IGRF模式)分析了1970—2000年低高度南大西洋负磁异常区位形的漂移与变化,给出了几个高度异常区中心位置磁场强度的变化和位置的变化。利用带电粒子的运动学方程,简要分析了低高度辐射带高能粒子的运动,得出在低高度,磁场是决定辐射带高能粒子空间强度与分布的决定性因素。低高度辐射带空间分布位形的变化特征应该与低高度南大西洋负磁异常区的变化特征基本一致。低高度南大西洋负磁异常区的特征可以作为低高度辐射带空间分布位形的一个初步判据。     

空间交会寻的最优轨道机动

研究了交会寻的阶段的燃料优化问题。在经典Ｃ－Ｗ方法基础上,导出了考虑第一次脉冲位置的双脉冲寻的燃料优化方法。当寻的时间给定时,优化变量为第一次脉冲启动的时刻;当寻的时间不定时,优化变量为第一次脉冲启动的时刻和寻的时间。仿真结果表明,考虑和不考虑第一次脉冲位置,燃料消耗差别悬殊。对于地面站较少、要求寻的时间比较长的情况,该方法有重要意义。     

近距离空间交会动力学

首先研究两个飞行器在近距离相对运动的动力学方程,包括简易（线性化）和精确模型;其次推导出一个工程实用在轨道平面内保持点轨迹椭圆方程;最后讨论保持点的动力学特性和轨道摄动对保持点的影响。     

停车转弯掉高度问题的探讨

首先从分析停车转弯的基本运动入手,根据停车转可能出现的各种情况,重点讨论了停车转弯高度损失的问题,然后较详细地分析了各种转弯情况引起高度损失,最后,以Ｈ６飞机为例进行计算和分析,结果表明,在迫降处置中,可作较大坡度的转弯,以减少高度的损失,为实际飞行提供了最优的操纵手段。