LEO navigation augmentation constellation design with the multi-objective optimization approaches

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite for navigation augmentation applications can significantly reduce the precise positioning convergence time and attract increasing attention recently. A few LEO Navigation Augmentation (LEO-NA) constellations have been proposed, while corresponding constellation design methodologies have not been systematically studied. The LEO-NA constellation generally consists of a huge number of LEO satellites and it strives for multiple optimization purposes. It is essentially different from the communication constellation or earth observing constellation design problem. In this study, we modeled the LEO-NA constellation design problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and solve this problem with the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. Three objectives are used to strive for the best tradeoff between the augmentation performance and deployment efficiency, namely the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP), visible LEO satellites and the orbit altitude. A fuzzy set approach is used to select the final constellation from a set of Pareto optimal solutions given by the MOPSO algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the optimized constellation, we tested two constellations with 144 and 288 satellites and each constellation has three optimization schemes: the polar constellation, the single-layer constellation and the two-layer constellation. The results indicate that the optimized two-layer constellation achieves the best global coverage and is followed by the single-layer constellation. The MOPSO algorithm can help to improve the constellation design and is suitable for solving the LEO-NA constellation design problem.     

Prediction of combined cycle fatigue life of TC11 alloy based on modified nonlinear cumulative damage model

The nonlinear cumulative damage model is modified to have high prediction accuracy when the high-low cycle stress frequency ratio m is large (m ≥ 500). The low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests, high cycle fatigue (HCF) tests and combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) tests of TC11 titanium alloy were carried out, and the influencing factors of CCF life were analysed. The CCF life declines with the decrease of the ratio of high-low cycle stress frequency m. Both linear and nonlinear cumulative damage models are used to predict the CCF life. The CCF life prediction error of the linear cumulative damage model is great and the predictions tend to be overestimated, which is dangerous for engineering application. The accuracy is relatively high when the high-low cycle stress frequency ratio m ≤ 500. The accuracy of nonlinear cumulative damage model is higher than that of linear model when the high-low cycle stress frequency ratio m ≥ 500. Based on the relationship between high cycle average stress σ_major and material yield limit σ_p,0.2, a correction term is added to the nonlinear cumulative damage model and verified, which made the modified model more accurate when m ≥ 500.     

基于准流形方法日地系L3点转移轨道设计

针对深空探测中轨道转移时间长且能量消耗较大的问题,提出基于准流形实现从地球停泊轨道到日地系L3点转移轨道的设计方法。在日地限制性三体问题模型下,在L1点或L2点Halo轨道上施加扰动推力,构造准流形,利用其非线性三体动力学特性,通过霍曼转移轨道与近地轨道进行拼接,使航天器进入准流形后能够无动力滑行到L3点附近区域。在准流形与L3点周期轨道交点,施加速度脉冲,使航天器进入相应周期轨道,从而完成轨道转移。仿真结果表明,利用该方法所得结果与基于不变流形的转移轨道相比,能将速度增量从4398m/s减少为4014m/s,并将转移时间从9年以上缩短到7.3年以内,有效地提高了航天器的工作效率。     

低轨卫星倾斜轨道设计及优化

根据有效载荷性能和任务需求对低轨卫星的倾斜回归圆轨道设计进行了研究,以升交点赤经为参数,对1个回归周期内特定目标的覆盖性能指标进行了优化。算例表明:卫星对地面目标点的覆盖率可达0.977 5。如需对多个目标点或目标区域进行观测,可在此基础上增加目标点再作优化设计,以获得最佳覆盖性能。     

通信卫星干扰源定位系统的轨道改进研究

针对干扰源定位系统中通信卫星轨道误差较大问题,文章采用卫星精密定轨策略,对干扰辐射源定位系统中通信卫星的轨道改进问题进行了研究。详细研究时差与频差的测量原理,并对地球同步轨道通信卫星轨道给出了较为符合该类卫星轨道类型的力学建模。采用高精度数值积分器及参数估计方法进行轨道确定和系统差标定。通过仿真和实测资料处理分析,定轨精度可以达到十米至百米量级。其理论性得到验证,同时能够满足我国相关行业的工程需求。     

一种适用于目标圆轨道的空间变轨迭代制导算法研究

迭代制导方法在运载火箭上升段入轨问题中已有成熟应用。本文针对空间变轨任务,提出一种适用于目标轨道为圆轨道情形的,以轨道要素为终端约束的迭代制导方法。在迭代制导方法的基础上,以推力方向矢量为控制量,推导直接以目标圆轨道的轨道要素为终端约束的边界条件,得到一种简单有效、适应大姿态角变化的迭代制导算法。通过仿真验证了改进方法的有效性和较高的入轨精度。     

国外低轨道卫星综述

由于地球低轨道更利于收集情报信息 ,大多被军事侦察卫星所占有。随着太空军事化趋势的日益增强 ,了解和认识当前的低轨道卫星较为必要。介绍了典型低轨道卫星的军事作用和运作机理 ,并给出了当前在轨低轨道卫星的技术参数。最后分析了其发展趋势     

基于dSPACE的挠性卫星姿轨控实时仿真系统

以某在研挠性卫星星载计算机在回路中的仿真试验为背景 ,利用dSPACE多处理器系统构建了卫星姿轨控实时仿真系统。介绍了实现该系统的软、硬件构成。重点介绍了实现该实时系统的关键———如何用dSPACEDS4 2 0 1s板上的RS2 32 / 42 2串口模拟星载计算机与各路姿态敏感器、反作用飞轮串口之间的复杂通信及串口通信Simulink仿真模型的设计。本文用Simulink ,Stateflow和S函数混合建模方法 ,设计了该实时系统的串口通信接口模型。并以星上自主模式为例进行了实时仿真。仿真结果证明了本文设计的卫星姿轨控实时仿真系统的可行性和串口通信接口模型设计的有效性。     

分布式卫星轨道构形的大气摄动分析及修正方法

在低轨道运行的分布式卫星受大气摄动的影响,其轨道构形很快遭到破坏,环绕卫星的相对运动轨迹中心不断发生漂移。本研究的目的在于建立一种降低大气摄动对分布式卫星轨道构形影响的补偿方法,以使分布式卫星的轨道构形能够更好地自然维持。研究基于考虑高度变化和太阳周日变化的大气密度模型,得出分布式卫星不同初始相位环绕卫星的长半轴摄动方程。并提出一种补偿大气摄动影响的长半轴修正方法。仿真结果显示,采用此大气摄动补偿方法能够在给定时间内大大降低大气摄动的影响,从而显著提高分布式卫星轨道构形的自然维持能力。     

机动再入飞行器的一种预测制导方法

研究了机动再人飞行器返回地面固定目标的一种预测制导方法。利用高斯方法解算出再人过程中飞行器需要的最小速度增量，将其转换成速度坐标系下需要的气动力，通过调整其攻角以及侧滑角来达到控制飞行器的目的，从而得到了一种预测制导方法。仿真显示，此算法简单，运算速度快，具有较高的落点精度，且对大气密度的不确定性及导航信息偏差具有较强的鲁棒性。