基于灰度预测的无刷直流电机控制

针对传统PID控制器抗干扰能力差，参数调节繁琐等问题，提出了灰度预测控制器。对灰度预测算法进行了详细的理论分析和数学建模，利用最速梯度法对控制器参数进行调整，设计了参数自适应调整的控制器；对飞轮使用的无刷直流电机进行了较为准确的模型建立，并在此基础上设计了基于灰度预测控制器的电机控制仿真模型。通过仿真分析了两种控制器在正常加速和受到干扰两种情况下的不同表现，验证了灰度预测控制器在调节效果和稳定性等方面的优越性。     

Nonlinear filtering methods for spacecraft navigation based on differential algebra

The paper investigates the problem of nonlinear filtering applied to spacecraft navigation. Differential algebraic (DA) techniques are proposed as a valuable tool to implement the higher-order numerical and analytic extended Kalman filters. Working in the DA framework allows us to consistently reduce the required computational effort without losing accuracy. The performance of the proposed filters is assessed on different orbit determination problems with realistic orbit uncertainties. The case of nonlinear measurements is also considered. Numerical simulations show the good performance of the filter in case of both complex dynamics and highly nonlinear measurement problems.     

基于半参数回归模型的批处理确定卫星轨道方法

由于卫星轨道观测数据中含有非线性影响因素,必然会降低定轨精度。在半参数 回归模型的基础上,应用小波阈值去噪算法估计并消除观测数据中存在的非线性影响因素, 提出了基于半参数回归模型的批处理确定卫星轨道的方法,以提高定轨精度;然后,在理论 上证明了在测量数据存在非线性影响因素的情形下,基于半参数回归模型的批处理确定卫星 轨道方法的定轨精度高于经典的批处理定轨精度;最后,对中低轨卫星应用批处理定轨进行 了仿真。结果表明：基于半参数回归模型的批处理确定卫星轨道方法分离出观测数据中的 白噪声和非线性影响因素,从而可以在观测数据中消除非线性影响因素,提高定轨的精度。     

Use of two-line element data for thermosphere neutral density model calibration

Traditional empirical thermospheric density models are widely used in orbit determination and prediction of low-Earth satellites. Unfortunately, these models often exhibit large density errors of up to around 30% RMS. Density errors translate into orbit errors, adversely affecting applications such as re-entry operations, manoeuvre planning, collision avoidance and precise orbit determination for geodetic missions. The extensive database of two-line element (TLE) orbit data contains a wealth of information on satellite drag, at a sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution to allow a calibration of existing neutral density models with a latency of one to two days. In our calibration software, new TLE data for selected objects is converted to satellite drag data on a daily basis. The resulting drag data is then used in a daily adjustment of density model calibration parameters, which modify the output of an existing empirical density model with the aim of increasing its accuracy. Two different calibration schemes have been tested using TLE data for about 50 objects during the year 2000. The schemes involve either height-dependent scale factors to the density or corrections to CIRA-72 model temperatures, which affect the density output based on a physical model. Both schemes have been applied with different spherical harmonic expansions of the parameters in latitude and local solar time. Five TLE objects, varying in perigee altitude between 280 and 530 km, were deliberately not used during calibration, in order to provide independent validation. Even with a single daily parameter, the RMS density model error along their tracks can already be reduced from the 30% to the 15% level. Adding additional parameters results in RMS errors lower than 12%.     

编队飞行卫星群相对轨道摄动运动分析

编队飞行卫星群在运行过程中将受到各种摄动因素的影响,相对运动队形可能受到破坏而影响飞行任务的完成。针对中、低轨道编队飞行任务,分析了各种摄动因素对编队卫星相对队形的影响;导出了编队飞行卫星群相对队形的稳定条件;最后,结合稳定条件对典型编队队形进行了分析。     

测量带有常值偏差时卫星自主定轨系统可观性分析

考虑测量带有常值偏差时卫星自主定轨系统的状态观测和常值偏差估计问题,将观测常值偏差扩增为状态后进行卡尔曼滤波是解决这一问题的一个途径。为使卡尔曼滤波稳定,就必须分析系统的随机可观测性。文章利用线性时变系统的可观性理论对测量带有常值偏差时卫星自主定轨系统的可观性进行了分析,数值仿真结果显示了所得理论的正确性。     

冻结轨道的一阶解

将 Brouwer早期研究所获得的一阶解变换为适用于小偏心率轨道的结果 ,根据这个结果可以清楚地看出冻结轨道就是精确的圆轨道 ,冻结的特性及其机理也可以清楚地显示出来。此外还进一步采用 Hill变量将冻结轨道的一阶解表示成一种非常简单的形式。     

利用频谱分析确定空间目标太阳翼定向模式

分析对比了空间目标与可控飞行器轨道确定的不同,论述了太阳翼定向模式的不同对轨道运动特性的影响。通过地面站的测距与测角数据,推算出测量数据的地心距频谱。假定一种太阳翼定向模式,利用测量数据进行轨道确定,利用定轨数据计算地心距频谱并与测量数据的频谱比对,由此可确定太阳翼定向模式。利用数值仿真对近地太阳同步轨道和地球静止轨道两种情况进行了验证,仿真结果表明该思路和方法是有效的。     

卫星单圈单弧段观测数据误差估计

通过建立准确的被观测目标的动力学模型,构造出了基于精密轨道确定与预报的卫星单圈单弧段观测数据误差的辨识与剔除方法,有效克服了基于多项式拟合方法存在的以误差辨误差的缺陷。