空间相机桁架支撑结构满应力优化设计与试验

针对空间相机桁架式支撑结构在设计过程中难以同时保证重量轻且刚度高的问题, 提出了采用满应力方法对桁架杆截面进行优化设计的思想. 以桁架杆重量最低为优化目标, 桁架杆自重变形和桁架的一阶固有频率为约束条件, 桁架杆截面的内外径为优化变量, 建立了基于满应力准则的优化模型. 经过优化, 桁架杆截面的外径为50mm, 内径40mm, 质量6.1kg, 一阶固有频率121Hz. 采用有限元法对优化结果进行模态校核和重力变形校核, 同时为检验碳纤维复合材料的热稳定性, 对桁架组件进行了热变形分析, 得到次镜的偏心和偏转均满足光学设计要求. 对优化设计出的桁架组件进行了0.2g扫频试验以及尺寸稳定性试验. 试验结果表明, 桁架组件一阶固有频率119Hz 与理论分析结果基本吻合; 在45N外力载荷和15°C均匀温升载荷的作用下, 桁架稳定性能良好, 次镜的偏心和偏转均小于5", 满足光学设计要求. 优化设计出的桁架支撑结构具有刚度高、尺寸稳定等特点, 这为实现空间相机向大口径、长焦距、轻型化方向发展奠定了研究基础.      

一种空间邻近目标红外多传感器立体分辨方法

空间邻近目标在红外像平面的成像因相互交叠而形成簇状像斑,对红外传感器的信号处理提出了分辨的要求。为实现对空间邻近目标的立体跟踪定位,提出基于量子粒子群优化的空间邻近目标红外多传感器立体分辨方法。在对目标像平面成像建模基础上,构建基于最小二乘准则的空间邻近目标立体分辨目标函数,针对目标函数的高维非线性特点,以QP-SO解决目标函数优化问题,估计目标空间位置。仿真结果表明:相比于传统的先单传感器像平面分辨后多传感器视线交叉定位方法,此法具有更优的目标位置估计精度、辐射强度估计精度和目标个数估计正确率。     

基于粒子群优化的光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪法研究

光伏阵列在局部阴影条件下,出现反向雪崩效应,导致输出功率出现多个局部极大值点,此时常规的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）失效。基于比较完善的光伏电池遮挡模型,对光伏阵列进行建模,验证其输出功率的多峰特性。提出一种基于粒子群优化算法（PSO）的多峰最大功率点跟踪方法,并积累粒子个体搜索经验,提高跟踪速度。仿真表明,当外界条件变化时,此方法可以快速跟踪光伏模块的最大功率,从而有效地利用能源。     

Direct trajectory optimization based on a mapped Chebyshev pseudospectral method

 In view of generating optimal trajectories of Bolza problems, standard Chebyshev pseudospectral (PS) method makes the points' accumulation near the extremities and rarefaction of nodes close to the center of interval, which causes an ill-condition of differentiation matrix and an oscillation of the optimal solution. For improvement upon the difficulties, a mapped Chebyshev pseudospectral method is proposed. A conformal map is applied to Chebyshev points to move the points closer to equidistant nodes. Condition number and spectral radius of differentiation matrices from both methods are presented to show the improvement. Furthermore, the modification keeps the Chebyshev pseudospectral method's advantage, the spectral convergence rate. Based on three numerical examples, a comparison of the execution time, convergence and accuracy is presented among the standard Chebyshev pseudospectral method, other collocation methods and the proposed one. In one example, the error of results from mapped Chebyshev pseudospectral method is reduced to 5% of that from standard Chebyshev pseudospectral method.     

带分流叶片离心压气机优化设计

为探索带分流叶片离心压气机的优化方法,进一步提高气动性能,建立带分流叶片离心压气机优化系统:运用Bézier函数建立叶型的参数化表征方法,并采用人工神经网络建立目标函数和几何优化变量间的对应关系,结合遗传算法求解优化命题。为验证系统可行性,以极大化等熵效率为优化目标,针对带分流叶片的离心压气机进行优化设计。结果表明:该优化系统明显提高带分流叶片离心压气机的气动性能,优化后设计点等熵效率提高3.68%,压比提高0.506,设计转速下全工况范围内效率明显提升,综合稳定裕度增大;优化后90%,50%叶高波前马赫数有明显降低,前缘激波有所减弱,激波与附面层相互作用引起的损失减小,二次流得到抑制,叶尖通道内大范围低速区明显消退;叶片载荷重新分配,分流叶片载荷一部分转移至主叶片。     

超临界机组末级叶片典型截面的叶型设计

针对超临界机组末级长叶片的设计特点,采用遗传算法和人工神经网络,提出对长叶片典型截面叶型进行分区优化设计思想,并对原型与改型进行了多工况点的数值计算,结果表明,将叶型吸力侧后半段由直线型改为内凹型,能够显著降低超声速叶型在超声速工况范围内的叶型损失。对叶型前缘以及压力侧的局部优化设计能够改善超声速叶型在临界马赫数工况下的气动性能。优化设计最大程度地减小了样本空间,提高了优化效率。     

平面度误差目标函数凸凹性的研究

证明了平面度误差最小区域评定法的目标函数是二维欧氏空间R2 中的连续、不可微的凸函数 ,从而证明了目标函数的全局极小值是唯一的。     

Time suboptimal formation flying manoeuvres through improved magnetic charged system search

The development of fast and reliable optimization algorithms is required in order to obtain real-time optimal trajectory on-board spacecraft. In addition, the wide spread of small satellites, due to their low costs, is leading to a greater number of satellite formations in space. This paper presents an Improved version of the Magnetic Charged System Search (IMCSS) metaheuristic algorithm to compute time-suboptimal manoeuvres for satellite formation flying. The proposed algorithm exploits some strategies aimed at improving the convergence to the optimum, such as the chaotic local search and the boundary handling technique, and it is able to self-tune its internal parameters and coefficients. Moreover, the inverse dynamics technique and the differential flatness approach, through the B-splines curves, are used to approximate the trajectory. The optimization procedure is applied to the circular J2 relative model developed by Schweighart and Sedwick and to the elliptical relative motion model developed by Yamanaka and Ankersen. The results of this paper show that the convergence is better achieved by using the proposed tools, thus proving the efficiency and reliability of the algorithm in solving some space engineering problems.     

跨声速涡轮叶栅两点优化目标函数研究

针对跨声速涡轮叶栅单点优化方法难以获得整体工况性能提升、多点优化方法难以确定合理目标函数形式的问题，提出了两点优化的方法。为了节约优化时间成本，优化过程采用EIF （Equivalent inviscid flow） 模型进行数值模拟，通过添加惩罚函数保证叶栅满足设计流量和负荷要求，并采用叶栅效率线性平均的目标函数形式进行评价。选择两组跨声速涡轮叶栅进行优化设计，并利用CFD方法分析叶型变化对流场马赫数、激波和损失产生的影响。结果显示，所提出的优化设计方法在保证设计工况性能的同时，能够提升叶栅整体工况性能。通过流场分析，揭示了激波结构变化对不同工况损失影响的定性规律。综合全文研究后，给出了一种适用于跨声速涡轮叶栅两点优化设计的目标函数形式。     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.