无人机电静液起落架收放及刹车系统仿真研究

无人机起落架收放及刹车系统在无人机的起飞、降落和刹车的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,随着无人机飞行条件和要求的日益严苛,传统的液压系统已经无法满足需要。电静液系统既保留了传统液压系统的优点,又兼备电作动的优势。根据电静液作动器的工作原理,设计一款无人机起落架收放和刹车功能一体化的电静液系统,将改进型的PID 控制方式运用到起落架收放的控制中,并且设计两种模糊PID 控制方式运用于防滑刹车功能中,在此基础上进行基于AMESim 和MATLAB/Simulink 的联合仿真用于验证系统性能,并对仿真结果进行对比分析。结果表明：模糊PID 的控制方式控制效果良好,可以有效地改善无人机起落架收放和刹车过程的稳定性,使得起落架收放更安全,刹车效率更高。     

面向机载综合监视系统的ADS-B技术综述

广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）作为机载综合监视系统（ISS）的新增重要组成部分,在保证飞机飞行安全的前提下,在监视成本和效率方面展现出优势,引领了未来监视技术的发展。本文首先介绍了ADS-B系统功能与优劣势,梳理了国内外技术和产品现状;然后从保障飞行安全和高效的角度出发,分析和综述了机载ISS中ADS-B的关键技术,并详细阐述了技术内涵及难点;最后结合下一代空域运行理念,探讨和展望了技术发展趋势,提出了4个ADS-B技术的未来发展方向,为推动ADS-B技术在实际运行与理论研究方面的发展提供参考。     

Establishment of atmospheric weighted mean temperature model in the polar regions

Due to the special geographical location and extreme climate environment, the polar regions (Antarctic and Arctic) have an important impact on global climate change. Atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a crucial parameter in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal propagation. In this paper, the correlation between weighted mean temperature and surface temperature (Ts) is studied firstly. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between Tm and Ts are 0.93 in the Antarctic and 0.94 in the Arctic. The linear regression Tm model and quadratic function Tm model of the Antarctic and the Arctic are established respectively using the radiosonde profiles of 12 stations in the Antarctic and 58 stations in the Arctic from 2008 to 2015. The accuracies of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model which is a state-of-the-art global Tm model are verified using the radiosonde profiles from 2016 to 2018 in the Antarctic and Arctic. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model in the Antarctic are 3.07 K, 2.87 K and 4.32 K respectively, and those in the Arctic are 3.53 K, 3.38 K and 4.82 K, which indicates that the quadratic function Tm model has a higher accuracy compared to linear regression Tm model, and the accuracies of the two regional Tm models are better than that of GPT2w Tm model in the polar regions. In order to better evaluate the accuracy of Tm in the PWV retrieval, the PWV values of radiosondes are used for comparisons as the reference value. The RMS errors of PWV derived from the two Tm models are similar for 1.28 mm in the Antarctic and 1 mm in the Arctic respectively. In addition, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of Tm are analyzed in the polar regions by spectral analysis of Tm data using fast Fourier transform. The results show that the Tm has obvious seasonality and annual periodicity in the polar regions, and the maximum difference between warm season and cold season is about 63 K. After comparing and analyzing the influences of latitude, longitude and elevation on the Tm in the polar regions, it is found that latitude and elevation have a greater influence on the Tm than the longitude. As the latitude and elevation increase, the Tm decreases, and vice versa in the polar regions.     

基于力控制的机器人装配作业实验研究

本文给出了工业机器人完成装配作业的一种实现方案──主动柔顺手腕。从技术的角度解决了主动柔顺手腕在装配过程中的搜孔策略、控制方法、柔顺中心设置、卡阻的避免等问题，最后在Ｍｏｖｅｍａｓｔｅｒ—ＥＸ机器人和ＰＵＭＡ５６２工业机器人上进行了无倒角高精度轴孔配合的实验。     

多协议多用户GPS/GSM监控系统网关的设计与实现

在多协议、多用户GPS(Global Position System)/GSM(Global System for Mobile communications)监控系统中,网关的设计对系统的性能、可用性和可扩展性有重要作用.讨论了在网关设计中需要注意的几个关键问题:通过分析不同短消息服务器的接口协议,提出使用协议管理器实现多协议接入;给出了与用户系统的通信指令格式,并分析了地址的转换流程.最后剖析了用多线程方式和消息驱动实现这种系统的优点,并给出了一个具体实现的消息循环流程.实践证明这种设计是可靠高效的.     

计算涡扇发动机风车起动特性的辨识模型

针对高空风车条件下涡扇发动机起动性能估算问题, 提出了运用约简遗传规划算法进行模型结构自动选择的思路, 对基于约简遗传规划的风车起动模型进行了研究.以某型涡扇发动机为例, 运用该算法对给定条件下该型发动机的风车起动过程进行了建模仿真, 得到了起动过程的估算结果.将估算结果与试验数据对比, 验证了方法的正确性、可行性.      

基于信息融合技术的无人机风速测量方法

随着无人机技术的发展,无人机风速测量技术成为了无人机的一个重要应用领域。为了提高无人机风速测量的精度,文中将信息融合技术应用于无人机风速测量中,数据层分别通过平均法和改进的 Kaiman 滤波对空速和航向角进行信息融合,以提高参数测量的精度,决策层通过加权平均法对速度矢量三角形法,空速归零法,以及航位推算法计算得到的结果进行融合,并通过实际飞行测量对文中方法进行验证。结果表明,基于信息融合技术的风速测量方法,可以与探测精度高的气球法相当,且探测区域广、探测成本低。     

Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.     

CE/SE法模拟爆震波点火及传播过程

运用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟一维爆震波的形成及传播过程,分析产生爆震波的不同机理和DDT(爆燃-爆震转捩)过程的影响因素.采取激波点火和热点点火两种点火方式,分别对应SDT(激波-爆震转捩)和DDT过程,热点点火初始场采用线性温度分布和阶梯性温度分布,整个管道均为常压.用隐式梯形方法实现刚性源项积分.结果表明,SDT和DDT对应于不同的爆震波机理,并且DDT受点火区不同参数的影响,为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.     

Analysis on Potential Conflict Frequency of Intersected Air Routes in Terminal Airspace Design

In order to obtain accurate conflict risks in terminal airspace design, the concept and calculation model of potential conflict frequency for intersected routes are proposed. Conflict frequency is represented by the product of horizontal conflict frequency and vertical conflict probability. The horizontal conflict frequency is derived from the probability density distribution of conflicts in a period of time. Based on the recorded radar trajectory data, the concept and model of ROUTE distance are proposed, and the probability density function of aircraft height at a specified ROUTE distance is deduced by kernel density estimation. Furthermore, vertical conflict probability and its horizontal distribution are achieved. Examples of three intersected arrival and departure route design schemes are studied. Compared with scheme 1, the conflict frequency values of the other two improved schemes decrease to 53 % and 24%, respectively. The results show that the model can quantify potential conflict frequency of intersec ted routes.