Fluctuations of cosmic rays and IMF in the vicinity of interplanetary shocks

Fluctuations of cosmic rays and interplanetary magnetic field upstream of interplanetary shocks are studied using data of ground-based polar neutron monitors as well as measurements of energetic particles and solar wind plasma parameters aboard the ACE spacecraft. It is shown that coherent cosmic ray fluctuations in the energy range from 10 keV to 1 GeV are often observed at the Earth’s orbit before the arrival of interplanetary shocks. This corresponds to an increase of solar wind turbulence level by more than the order of magnitude upstream of the shock. We suggest a scenario where the cosmic ray fluctuation spectrum is modulated by fast magnetosonic waves generated by flux of low-energy cosmic rays which are reflected and/or accelerated by an interplanetary shock.     

Stagnation temperature effect on the conical shock with application for air

The aim of this work is to realize a new numerical program based on the development of a mathematical model allowing determining the parameters of the supersonic flow through a conical shock under hypothesis at high temperature, in the context of correcting the perfect gas model. In this case, the specific heat at constant pressure does not remain constant and varies with the increase of temperature. The stagnation temperature becomes an important parameter in the calculation. The mathematical model is presented by the numerical resolution of a system of first-order nonlinear differential equations with three coupled unknowns for initial conditions. The numerical resolution is made by adapting the higher order Runge Kutta method. The parameters through the conical shock can be determined by considering a new model of an oblique shock at high temperature. All isentropic parameters of after the shock flow depend on the deviation of the flow from the transverse direction. The comparison of the results is done with the perfect gas model for low stagnation temperatures, upstream Mach number and cone deviation angle. A calculation of the error is made between our high temperature model and the perfect gas model. The application is made for air.     

A method to test HF ray tracing algorithm in the ionosphere by means of the virtual time delay

It is well known that a 3D ray tracing algorithm furnishes the ray’s coordinates, the three components of the wave vector and the calculated group time delay of the wave along the path. The latter quantity can be compared with the measured group time delay to check the performance of the algorithm. Simulating a perfect reflector at an altitude equal to the virtual height of reflection, the virtual time delay is assumed as a real time delay. For a monotonic electronic density profile we find a very small relative difference between the calculated and the virtual delay for both analytic and numerical 3D electronic density models.     

航空发动机叶片激光冲击处理过程控制研究

分析了在水约束模式下,光路、约束层、吸收层、靶材等主要因素对激光冲击处理过程控制工艺稳定性的影响。通过研究LSP、MIC、GE、RR等公司在航空发动机叶片激光冲击处理稳定性方面的经验,特别是涉及工艺稳定性的约束控制、光路清理、质量控制等技术,结合叶片激光冲击处理的工艺试验,系统地研究了航空发动机叶片激光冲击处理工艺稳定性的关键控制技术。     

A Review of Density Holes Upstream of Earth's Bow Shock

Larmor size transient structures with density depletions as large as 99% of ambient solar wind density levels occur commonly upstream of Earth＇s collisionless bow shock. These ＂density holes＂ have a me...     

空气动压探头的动态响应研究

本文采用动力类比法对用于核爆炸测量的空气动压探头的动态响应进行了理论分析,并对探头的三个压力量程计算了总压边和静压边进气管道中的阻尼孔直径和动压波形的上升时间。分析计算表明,在探头的三个系统中,电学系统对动态响应的影响可忽略不计;力学系统的影响也是较小的;对动态响应起主要作用的是声学系统(即管道空腔系统)。在直径为130mm 激波管中进行了全尺寸探头的动态响应实验。实验表明,阻尼孔直径和波形上升时间的实验值与计算值符合较好。此探头曾多次用于我国大气层核试验测试中。从核爆炸和激波管实验中测得的空气动压波形可看出,它们的前沿都是很好的,这反映出此探头具有良好的动态响应特性。     

Numerical simulation of time delay interferometry for a LISA-like mission with the simplification of having only one interferometer

In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. In a previous paper (Dhurandhar, S.V., Nayak, K.R., Vinet, J.-Y. Time delay interferometry for LISA with one arm dysfunctional. Class. Quantum Grav. 27, 135013, 2010), we have found a large family of second-generation analytic solutions of time delay interferometry with one arm dysfunctional, and we also estimated the laser noise due to residual time-delay semi-analytically from orbit perturbations due to Earth. Since other planets and solar-system bodies also perturb the orbits of LISA spacecraft and affect the time delay interferometry (TDI), we simulate the time delay numerically in this paper for all solutions with the generation number n ? 3. We have worked out a set of 3-year optimized mission orbits of LISA spacecraft starting at January 1, 2021 using the CGC2.7 ephemeris framework. We then use this numerical solution to calculate the residual optical path differences in the second-generation solutions of our previous paper, and compare with the semi-analytic error estimate. The accuracy of this calculation is better than 1 cm (or 30 ps). The maximum path length difference, for all configuration calculated, is below 1 m (3 ns). This is well below the limit under which the laser frequency noise is required to be suppressed. The numerical simulation in this paper can be applied to other space-borne interferometers for gravitational wave detection with the simplification of having only one interferometer.     

Interaction of oblique wave beam with ionospheric layer F2

Interaction of a powerful obliquely incident wave beam of decameter radio waves with the ionospheric F2 layer is analyzed. Much like the linear case, propagation through the natural anti-waveguide layer F2 splits the initial beam. Some part of its energy leaks through the ionospheric layer, the other part goes back along a downward trajectory. However, nonlinearity leads to further stratification of the ionospheric layer. A new feature, in comparison with the linear case, is appearing a narrow waveguide beneath the F2 layer maximum which traps a small part of the beam energy. We study the relationship between these parts of the wave field in a simplified model of parabolic F2 layer, with nonlinearity caused by thermal plasma expulsion from the high field intensity region. Analytical results are supplemented with numerical estimates of the effects.     

Evaluation of uncertainty in gravity wave potential energy calculations through GPS radio occultation measurements

The application of the Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) method to the atmosphere enables the determination of height profiles of temperature, among other variables. From these measurements, gravity wave activity is usually quantified by calculating the potential energy through the integration of the ratio of perturbation and background temperatures between two given altitudes in each profile. The uncertainty in the estimation of wave activity depends on the systematic biases and random errors of the measured temperature, but also on additional factors like the selected vertical integration layer and the separation method between background and perturbation temperatures. In this study, the contributions of different parameters and variables to the uncertainty in the calculation of gravity wave potential energy in the lower stratosphere are investigated and quantified. In particular, a Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate the uncertainty that results from different GPS RO temperature error distributions. In addition, our analysis shows that RO data above 30 km height becomes dubious for gravity waves potential energy calculations.     

载人月面着陆及起飞技术初步研究

载人登月任务中最具特色的就是载人月面着陆及起飞过程,其技术体系丰富,是影响载人登月任务成败的关键环节。文章详细分析了载人月面着陆及起飞阶段的飞行方案,阐述了载人任务与无人任务设计准则上的区别,剖析了载人月面着陆及起飞技术的内涵。此外重点分析了低温推进剂蒸发量控制技术、10∶1深度变推力液体发动机技术、发动机推力矢量控制技术、大承载着陆缓冲技术、发动机羽流导流与防护技术、月尘清除及防护技术等六项与载人登月舱推进系统和结构系统相关的关键技术,分析提出了相应的技术途径和解决方案,对深入认识载人登月飞行器系统的技术体系及技术难度具有重要意义。