次流通道对双喉道气动矢量喷管的性能影响研究

为了进一步了解次流通道对双喉道气动矢量喷管(Dual Throat Nozzle,DTN)气动矢量性能的影响,基于二维DTN喷管构型进行了详细的数值模拟研究。结果表明:收扩的次流通道相对于平直的次流通道不会改善DTN喷管的推力矢量性能;随着次流流量增加,DTN的推力矢量角存在一个最大值,超过该值各推力矢量性能均会降低;次流通道宽度对DTN喷管推力矢量性能影响显著:(1)次流宽度不影响所能达到的最大推力矢量角;(2)小的次流宽度在进口总压较高的条件下具有更高的推力矢量角;(3)增大次流宽度能降低次流总压,但达到的矢量角会有所减小。     

The BOSS and BIOMEX space experiments on the EXPOSE-R2 mission: Endurance of the desert cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis under simulated space vacuum,Martian atmosphere,UVC radiation and temperature extremes.

The proposed space experiments BOSS (Biofilm Organisms Surfing Space) and BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars experiment) will take place on the space exposure facility EXPOSE-R2 on the International Space Station (ISS), which is set to be launched in 2014. In BOSS the hypothesis to be tested is that microorganisms grown as biofilms, hence embedded in self-produced extracellular polymeric substances, are more tolerant to space and Martian conditions compared to their planktonic counterparts. Various microbial biofilms have been developed including those obtained from the cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis isolated from hot and cold deserts. The prime objective of BIOMEX is to evaluate to what extent biomolecules are resistant to, and can maintain their stability under, space and Mars-like conditions; therefore a variety of pigments and cell components are under investigation to establish a biosignature data base; e.g. a Raman spectral library to be used for extraterrestrial life biosignatures. The secondary objective of BIOMEX is to investigate the endurance of extremophiles, focusing on their interactions with Lunar and Martian mineral analogues. Ground-based studies are currently being carried out in the framework of EVTs (Experiment Verification Tests) by exposing selected organisms to space and Martian simulations. Results on a desert strain of Chroococcidiopsis obtained from the first set of EVT, e.g. space vacuum, Mars atmosphere, UVC radiation, temperature cycles and extremes, suggested that dried biofilms exhibited an enhanced survival compared to planktonic lifestyle. Moreover the protection provided by a Martian mineral analogue (S-MRS) to the sub-cellular integrities of Chroococcidiopsis against UVC radiation supports the endurance of this cyanobacterium under extraterrestrial conditions and its relevance in the development of life detection strategies.     

槽对超声速混压式进气道性能及附面层的影响

为了提高定几何超 声速混压式轴对称进气道的性能，应用在进气道不同位置开槽的方法 ，研究了在各级锥体上、锥体的折角处开槽时锥体上的附面层变化；研究了多工况下开槽对进气道的总压恢复系数、流量系数、冲压比和起动性能产生的影响。结果表明开槽将改变超声速进气道头锥上的波系分布，使槽后附面层厚度增加。折角处开槽槽后附面层厚度比原型进气道增加16.7%，锥体上开槽比原型进气道增加33.3%。开槽使高马赫数下的总压恢复系数有所增加，其增加量随来流马赫数的变化而变化。在马赫数为4.0的设计状态下，折角处开槽可使进气道的总压恢复系数提高1.8%，锥体上开槽可以提高4.3%。之外，锥体折角处开槽对流量系数影响不大，还可以改善进气道的起动性能，降低起动马赫数。     

中层大气受迫Rossby波包的非线性相互作用：Ⅱ.数值计算

本文对中层大气受迫Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波包的非线性三波相互作用问题作了进一步的数值分析，结果表明，三个波包随时间演化达到的平衡态与文献［１］的理论结果完全一致，而且仅当系统中只有中等波长波包不受外源强迫时，系统运动有可能出现两个稳定平衡态，在一定外源强度范围内，平衡态会产生尖点突变，平衡态随外源的变化有滞后分岔的特征，系统运动最终达到的平衡态不仅与外源强度的变化方式有关，而且依赖于初始状态。     

叉流管－管型换热器二维温度场的数值分析

建立并导出叉流管－管型换热器传热过程的二维数学模型及相应的差分格式。对比实验数据和性能计算结果，表明数值方法是有效可行的，据此编制的计算机程序已成功地用于组合发动机空气预冷换热器工作过程的预测。     

跨音速细长体三维分离的数值研究

本文数值模拟了半球柱在跨音速、中等攻角时的粘性层流绕流，研究了流场中的复杂三维分离形态结构，其中包含流向与横向的主分离、二次分离、以及激波边界层的相互干扰，解释了在球柱接合部精确捕获的压力波动与流动主分离、二次分离的影响关系，这个现象是前人的计算［５，６］未捕捉到的。     

跨声速压气机多圆柱孔式处理机匣设计与扩稳机理研究

基于对跨声速轴流压气机内部失稳触发机制的认识,设计了一种新型多圆柱孔式处理机匣结构。对带该处理机匣的跨声速轴流压气机转子Rotor-37的内部流动进行了全三维非定常数值模拟,结果表明该新型多圆柱孔式处理机匣结构可使压气机的综合裕度提高6.5%,而最高效率点效率仅降低0.19%。对多圆柱孔式处理机匣的扩稳机理进行了详细分析,结果表明处理机匣能有效消除低速流体团引起的通道阻塞现象,并将低速阻塞流体团抽吸进入处理机匣容腔,然后从前端喷口预旋喷出以抑制叶顶区域的流动分离,从而有效提高跨声速轴流压气机的失速裕度。     

A Class of TVD Type Combined Numerical Scheme for MHD Equations With a Survey About Numerical Methods in Solar Wind Simulations

It has been believed that three-dimensional, numerical, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modelling must play a crucial role in a seamless forecasting system. This system refers to space weather originating on the sun; propagation of disturbances through the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and thence, transmission into the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. This role comes as no surprise to numerical modelers that participate in the numerical modelling of atmospheric environments as well as the meteorological conditions at Earth. Space scientists have paid great attention to operational numerical space weather prediction models. To this purpose practical progress has been made in the past years. Here first is reviewed the progress of the numerical methods in solar wind modelling. Then, based on our discussion, a new numerical scheme of total variation diminishing (TVD) type for magnetohydrodynamic equations in spherical coordinates is proposed by taking into account convergence, stability and resolution. This new MHD model is established by solving the fluid equations of MHD system with a modified Lax-Friedrichs scheme and the magnetic induction equations with MacCormack II scheme for the purpose of developing a combined scheme of quick convergence as well as of TVD property. To verify the validation of the scheme, the propagation of one-dimensional MHD fast and slow shock problem is discussed with the numerical results conforming to the existing results obtained by the piece-wise parabolic method (PPM). Finally, some conclusions are made. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Initiation characteristics of oblique detonation waves from a finite wedge under argon dilution

In this paper, the flow field characteristics of Oblique Detonation Waves (ODWs) induced by a finite wedge under argon dilution are studied by solving the Euler equations with a detailed chemical model of hydrogen and air. First, the effects of the expansion waves, argon concentration, geometric parameters, and Mach number on the ODW are discussed. The results show that the changes of these parameters may make the oblique detonation not be initiated. Then, the ODW initiation criterion of the finite wedge is summarized, as the characteristic length of the induction zone L_C and the characteristic length of the oblique wedge L_W meet the condition L_C/L_W < 1, the initiation of the ODW occurs; otherwise, it does not occur. What’s more, the Constant Volume Combustion (CVC) theory is applied to study the characteristic length of induction zone. It is found that CVC theory is more suitable for the “smooth transition” type of ODW flow field, the theoretical and numerical characteristic length in induction regions are in good agreement. This work is of great significance for the design of oblique detonation engines for hypersonic vehicles.     

Maximal admissible mode decision delay in terminal guidance

Mode decision-maker is a critical component in the logic-based Integrated Estimation and Guidance(IEG) system. For the best possible estimation and guidance performance, the mode decision delay of the mode decision-maker should be limited to a range as small as possible. This paper presents a numerical method for computing the maximal admissible mode decision delay that varies with time-to-go. Particular attention has been paid to highly maneuvering target interception in terminal guidance. The results of this research offer useful guidelines for the design of the mode decision-maker in IEG systems.