A comparative and numerical study of effects of gravity waves in small miss-distance and miss-time GPS radio occultation temperature profiles

The Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) technique has global coverage and is capable of generating high vertical resolution temperature profiles of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with sub-Kelvin accuracy and long-term stability, regardless of weather conditions. In this work, we take advantage of the anomalously high density of occultation events at the eastern side of the highest Andes Mountains during the initial mission months of COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate). This region is well-known for its high wave activity. We choose to study two pairs of GPS RO, both containing two occultations that occurred close in time and space. One pair shows significant differences between both temperature profiles. Numerical simulations with a mesoscale model were performed, in order to understand this discrepancy. It is attributed to the presence of a horizontal inhomogeneous structure caused by gravity waves.     

Gravity wave momentum flux generation close to mid-latitude Andes in mesoscale simulations of late 20th and 21st centuries

Adequate representations of diverse dynamical processes in general circulation models (GCM) are necessary to obtain reliable simulations of the present and the future. The parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (GWD) is one of the critical components of GCM. It is therefore convenient to evaluate whether standard orographic GWD parameterizations are appropriate. One alternative is to study the generation of gravity waves (GW) with horizontal resolutions that are higher than those used in current GCM simulations. Here we assess the seasonal pattern of topographic GW momentum flux (GWMF) generation for the late 20th and 21st centuries in a downscaling using the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B emission conditions. We focus on one of the world’s strongest extra-tropical GW zones, the Andes Mountains at mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. The presence of two GCM sub-grid scale structures locally contributing to GWMF (one positive and one negative) is found to the East of the mountains. For the late 21st century the strength of these structures during the GW high season increases around 23% with respect to the late 20th century, but the GWMF average over GCM grid cell scales remains negative and nearly constant around −0.015 Pa. This constitutes a steady significant contribution during GW high season, which is not related to the GWMF released by individual sporadic strong GW events. This characteristic agrees with the fact that no statistically significant variation in GWMF at source level has been observed in recent GCM simulations of atmospheric change induced by increases in greenhouse gases.     

分区和有限容积法计算长尾喷管中的湍流流动

为了给长尾喷管热防护结构设计提供热边界条件，从轴对称二维雷诺平均N－S方程出发，采用分区算法和有限容积法计算了长尾喷管中的湍流流动，分析了流场的结构特性，提出了长尾喷管中燃气温度，压强和马赫数分布的某些规律以及燃气温度沿壁面的分布，计算和分析结果提出了长尾喷管热防护结构设计应注意的事项。     

环型超声速空气引射器零二次流流场数值研究

采用二维轴对称雷诺平均方程和标准κ-ε双方程湍流模型，数值研究了环型超声速引散器零二次流的流场结构及盲腔压强的变化，空间上采用二阶迎风格式进行耦合求解，时间上采用显示的Runge-Kutta方法进行迭代推进。结果表明，引射器几何参数不变的情况下，启动后的盲腔压强与引射气流总压之比为一常数；喷管马赫数不变情况下，喷管出口面积与混合室入口面积比越小，盲腔压强越低，扩压器性能越好，启动要求的总压越低，对超声速空气引射器的设计具有指导意义。     

侧向多喷流流场数值研究

为研究侧向喷流对高超声速拦截弹喷流直接力控制性能的影响，发展了在有限体积离散方法框架下的三维非定常N—S方程，采用LU—SSOR隐式时间推进格式和残值项空间迎风型格式求解技术，对大气层内高超声速拦截弹多个姿态控制喷流发动机同时工作时的干扰流场进行了数值求解。计算给出了自由流与侧喷流、侧喷流与侧喷流之间复杂干扰流场结构图(等压云图、等马赫云图)以及喷流附近的压强分布，其结果与单一侧向喷流流场情况进行了比较和分析。结果显示，喷流前的压强场基本不受后喷流的影响，处于前喷流尾流区后的喷流的干扰效率将受到较大影响。     

高过载条件下绝热层烧蚀实验方法研究 (Ⅰ)方案论证及数值模拟

分析了高过载对固体火箭发动机流场和绝热层烧蚀的影响规律，提出一种新的研究思路：采用数值模拟方法来预示发动机三维两相流场，建立高过载流场模拟实验装置，开展绝热层烧蚀实验，建立高过载条件下的绝热层烧蚀模型，在此基础上发展高过载发动机绝热层设计和烧蚀预示方法。其中关键技术是高过载流场的模拟，对粒子加入法和弯管分离法两种方案进行了论证，认为弯管分离法原理上是可行的。为了验证这种方案的可行性，开展了弯管通道两相流的数值模拟研究，计算结果表明弯管装置具有使凝相粒子聚集形成高浓度粒子流的功能。     

固体粒子在压缩机叶栅内的部分沉积模型研究

针对轴流压缩机叶栅内固体微粒沉积的问题,发展了新的粒子沉积模型(部分沉积模型)。采用此模型和普遍采用的完全沉积模型进行了计算,计算结果表明两种模型对叶栅前缘处的粒子沉积影响明显。采用部分沉积模型时,叶片前缘处不会出现短时间内不合实际的大量沉积现象,而表现为一种比较均匀的粒子沉积。     

湍流参数对复杂形状涡轮盘腔流场的数值研究

以罗罗公司未来某型双轴发动机的高压涡轮旋转盘腔为计算模型，目的是要对复杂的内部旋转空腔流场有一个详细的了解，通过CFD(FLUENT6．0．12)的研究为即将进行的放大比例的旋转涡轮盘腔试验提供指导。计算中采用了Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型，结果表明湍流参数相同的流动，其流体结构是非常相似的；流场主要由湍流参数λT决定涡旋的大小和数量；对于湍流参数小于0．199的旋转流动，盘腔内存在着自由涡流。     

涡轮效率改变对发动机加速特性的影响

采用零维闭环数值仿真平台，对某型单轴涡轮喷气发动机进行启动加速过程的零维闭环仿真，通过选择三种不同的调节方式，研究了涡轮效率的改变对发动机的转速、推力和耗油率等发动机特性的影响，其中某些结果与实验数据进行了比较。     

固体火箭燃气射流近场形成与发展的数值模拟

固体火箭武器燃气射流的近场区域存在有复杂的波系，膨胀波、压缩波的混合作用是机-弹、弹-舰相容性研究的重要内容，复杂波系压力、温度场的分布是燃气射流动力冲击和热冲击作用的直接因素。因为这一区域流动的复杂性，使得实验研究非常困难。为此应用数值分析的方法，研究了固体火箭高度欠膨胀燃气射流流场起始冲击波、近场波系的形成及发展。计算结果揭示了近场区域的一些特性，与文献提供的数据较为吻合，为工程应用提供了帮助。