旋转爆轰的三维数值模拟

旋转爆轰利用爆轰波在燃烧室的供气端传播,而爆轰产物从另一端排出。为了揭示其宏观特性,采用带化学反应的三维Euler方程,在贴体坐标系中,利用带限制函数的波传播算法,对圆环形燃烧室内的旋转爆轰进行了数值研究,讨论了爆轰传播过程中的波系结构。数值结果表明,即使仅在燃烧室内壁面的部分区域充入可燃气,爆轰波也能够以旋转方式在该区域稳定传播。     

提高固定几何二元进气道低马赫数性能的仿真研究

分别以常规低、高马赫数来流设计的固定几何二元混压式进气道为例,采用数值模拟手段,探究了一种改进的外压缩波系配置方案。采用来流马赫数由低到高,外压缩激波依次封口的设计方法,提高了固定几何二元进气道的低马赫数性能。相比常规配波设计的进气道,来流马赫数2.15条件下的流量系数提高了0.07;来流马赫数2.15和2.4条件下,总压恢复提高近0.015。初步研究证明这种设计理念是合理的,该设计方案有待于进一步发展和实验验证。     

无导叶对转涡轮气动设计技术

采用先进的无导叶对转涡轮气动布局是提升航空发动机性能最为有效的措施之一。结合无导叶对转涡轮高压涡轮动叶进出口轴向速度变化较大等特点,采用理论分析等研究了对转涡轮基元速度三角形参数的优化选取方法,并给出了高压涡轮导叶、动叶出口气流角等变化对效率影响的详细变化关系。流量系数小、高压动叶出口气流角大以及高压动叶进出口轴向速度比大是设计满足出功比高效率对转涡轮的关键。而采用Bezier曲线造型的收敛-扩散叶型叶背曲率的控制、尾缘半径的选择、叶型出口面积与几何喉道面积之比等则是设计适合出口马赫数1.5～1.6高性能叶型的关键。     

工质温度对二次喷射推力矢量性能的影响

为了研究二次流温度对推力矢量的影响规律,本文基于二次喷射的基本原理,利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件,对不同温度的二次流进行了模拟仿真分析。结果表明,在相同喷射压强和喷射流量下,二次流温度越高,在扩张段影响的范围就越大,但产生的侧向力和温度并不是简单的正变关系。在此分析的基础上,提出了一种合理利用二次流温度的工程方案。
     

钢球式解锁螺栓分离装置的强度计算

基于失效分析方法,文章确定了某钢球式火工分离装置各组成部件的强度最薄弱环节,并针对这些环节进行了受力分析与最大承载力计算,通过计算得到了外筒壁厚与钢球直径的尺寸设计是影响分离装置总体载荷强度的关键。同时,对火工分离装置进行了分离能力与承载力的试验,结果表明文章提出的强度计算能准确估算出分离装置最大承载力,为类似航天器火工装置的尺寸设计以及小型化设计提供了理论参考依据。     

开放空腔壳体入水流场结构及流体动力特征研究

基于混合介质雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,对开放空腔壳体垂直入水运动过程开展了数值研究,得到了压力场、速度场分布,空泡波动、闭合特征,空腔气体涨缩规律,以及流体动力变化规律,并分析了空腔结构在入水运动过程中对流场结构和流体动力的影响。结果表明:液体随气体涨缩同步进出开放端;开放端局部形成波动的压力源和周期性的压力场、速度场分布;入水空泡呈现波动形态,其扩展程度与开放端液体流速相关;空泡内形成气体漩涡,随空腔涨缩往返进出空泡,对空泡闭合具有抑制作用;流体动力呈波动变化规律,频率与气体涨缩频率一致,幅值与气体涨缩程度成正比。开放空腔结构在入水过程中空腔内气体发生涨缩运动,对流场结构和流体动力产生周期性扰动作用,在一定程度上可以减缓冲击、维持空泡及运动的稳定性。      

解析计算在月球中继卫星Halo轨道设计中的应用

面向月球中继卫星工程轨道设计需求,研究解析计算方法在地月系L2点halo轨道设计中的应用问题。在讨论圆型限制性三体问题三阶解析近似计算方法的基础上,分析了解析计算与数值计算的差异,给出了解析近似计算在工程约束下的适用范围,进而提出了基于解析计算的轨道设计和特征筛选方法。分别采用解析初值和数值初值进行halo轨道外推,比对验证采用解析计算设计轨道的可行性。研究结果表明,解析计算方法适用于月球中继卫星轨道的初步设计、特征分析和构型筛选。     

Numerical modeling of propagation of breaking nonlinear acoustic-gravity waves from the lower to the upper atmosphere

Acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) observed in the upper atmosphere may be generated near the Earth’s surface due to a variety of meteorological sources. Two-dimensional simulations of vertical propagation and breaking of nonlinear AGWs in the atmosphere are performed. Forcing near the Earth’s surface is used as the AGW source in the model. We use a numerical method based on finite-difference analogues of fundamental conservation laws for solving atmospheric hydrodynamic equations. This approach selects physically correct generalized solutions of the wave hydrodynamic equations. Numerical simulations are performed in a representative region of the Earth’s atmosphere up to altitude 500 km. Vertical profiles of temperature, density, molecular viscosity and heat conductivity were taken from the standard atmosphere model MSIS-90 for January. Calculations were made for different amplitudes and frequencies of lower boundary wave forcing. It is shown that after activating the tropospheric wave forcing, the initial pulse of AGWs may very quickly propagate to altitudes of 100 km and above and relatively slowly dissipate due to molecular viscosity and heat conduction. This may increase the role of transient nonstationary waves in effective energy transport and variations of atmospheric parameters and gas admixtures in a broad altitude range.     

Finite element reconstruction approach for on-orbit spacecraft breakup dynamics simulation and fragment analysis

Breakup model is the key area of space debris environment modeling. NASA standard breakup model is currently the most widely used for general-purpose. It is a statistical model found based on space surveillance data and a few ground-based test data. NASA model takes the mass, impact velocity magnitude for input and provides the fragment size, area-to-mass ratio, velocity magnitude distributions for output. A more precise approach for spacecraft disintegration fragment analysis is presented in this paper. This approach is based on hypervelocity impact dynamics and takes the shape, material, internal structure and impact location etc. of spacecraft and impactor, which might greatly affect the fragment distribution, into consideration. The approach is a combination of finite element and particle methods, entitled finite element reconstruction (FER). By reconstructing elements from the particle debris cloud, reliable individual fragments are identified. Fragment distribution is generated with undirected graph conversion and connected component analysis. Ground-based test from literature is introduced for verification. In the simulation satellite targets and impactors are modeled in detail including the shape, material, internal structure and so on. FER output includes the total number of fragments and the mass, size and velocity vector of each fragment. The reported fragment distribution of FER shows good agreement with the test, and has good accuracy for small fragments.     

冲压发动机驻涡燃烧室模型方案数值模拟研究

为探索适用于高推重比发动机的高性能燃烧室,在一种冲压发动机特定结构应用背景条件下,设计了一种驻涡燃烧室（Trapped-Vortex Combustor,简称TVC）技术应用模型方案,并对其进行了冷态流场数值模拟,对包括驻涡区长宽比、驻涡区长度、驻涡区进口导流结构形式、主流钝体与联焰板的结构形式与参数的影响进行了分析,探索TVC燃烧室方案在冲压发动机上的应用可行性。从三维冷态流场数值模拟结果来看,燃烧室模型方案内部形成了设计的涡系结构,能够实现初步的组织燃烧。通过不同设计参数的计算模拟,摸索出驻涡区高度、驻涡区宽高比等参数对燃烧室内部流场影响的规律。研究结果表明驻涡区宽高比控制在1.0左右驻涡区涡系结构最好,有利于组织燃烧。