TC4钛合金静止轴肩和传统搅拌摩擦焊的温度场对比

基于有限元软件ABAQUS对6mm厚的TC4钛合金传统及静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊温度场进行了有限元模拟.结果表明,对比传统搅拌摩擦焊接,静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接具有较小的高温区,前进方向上具有较大的温度梯度,厚度方向上呈现柱状椭球形分布,上、下表面温度峰值差异较小,具有重叠性较好的热循环曲线.     

Effect of blade tip winglet on the performance of a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor

The tip leakage flow has an important influence on the performance of transonic com-pressor. Blade tip winglet has been proved to be an effective method to control the tip leakage flow in compressor, while the physical mechanisms of blade tip winglet have been poorly understood. A numerical study for a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor has been conducted to understand the effect of varying the location of blade tip winglet on the performance of the rotor. Two kinds of tip winglet were designed and investigated. The effects of blade tip winglet on the compressor over-all performance, stability and tip flow structure were presented and discussed. It is found that the interaction of the tip winglet with the flow in the tip region is different when the winglet is located at suction-side or pressure-side of the blade tip. Results indicate that the suction-side winglet (SW) is ineffective to improve the performance of compressor rotor. In addition, a significant stall range extension equivalent to 33.74% with a very small penalty in efficiency can be obtained by the pressure-side winglet (PW). An attempt has been made to explain the fundamental mechanisms of blade tip winglet in detail.     

幂律型流体撞击射流破碎特性直接数值模拟

凝胶推进剂的双股射流撞击雾化广泛应用于液体火箭发动机的燃烧室中,其破碎特征及雾化效果直接影响燃烧效率。为探究雾化特性的发展规律,采用直接数值模拟DNS方法,对射流速度为100m/s的剪切稀化非牛顿液体正交撞击产生的雾化特征、液体表面积、表面波、涡特性以及非牛顿特性开展研究。结果表明,射流下形成的雾化流场迅速扩张形成液膜,液膜两侧边缘破碎成大量的液丝与液滴,核心部分产生撞击波后在气体力的作用下逐步发展为带有凸起和褶皱的不稳定表面波,其撞击波波长最大可达2.46倍射流直径。液体表面积不断增长,但无量纲表面积总体呈现先下降再上升的趋势。气体中的涡量分布则分为有序附着区和无序爆炸区两类,并且涡量主要集中分布于气相区域。此外,射流撞击时产生强剪切使该液体内部的粘性系数下降,最低仅为初始粘性系数的0.3倍。     

发动机唇口电热防冰系统性能仿真

采用三维耦合传热方法对发动机唇口电热防冰系统进行了多状态下的性能仿真,获得了唇口表面平衡温度及动态温升响应时间,以此评估防冰系统性能,并通过与冰风洞试验结果对比,对仿真过程进行了修正。研究表明:唇口表面加热区平衡温度均高于273.15 K,温升响应时间小于60 s,满足防冰需要,较为严酷的防冰状态点主要为飞行速度较大、环境温度较低的状态点;修正唇口材料导热系数后,仿真与试验结果吻合良好。研究结果能有效指导工程研制,对提高防除冰仿真分析结果的准确性提供了很好的借鉴。     

Fluid structure interaction simulation of supersonic parachute inflation by an interface tracking method

An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach with interface tracking is developed in this paper to simulate the supersonic parachute inflation. A two-way interaction between a nonlinear finite element method and a finite volume method is accomplished. In order to apply this interface tracking method to problems with instantaneous large deformation and self-contact, a new virtual structure contact method is proposed to leave room for the body-fitted mesh between the contact structural surfaces. In addition, the breakpoint due to the fluid mesh with negative volume is losslessly restarted by the conservative interpolation method. Based on this method, fluid and structural dynamic behaviors of a highly folded disk-gap-band parachute are obtained. Numerical results such as maximum Root Mean Square (RMS) drag, general canopy shape and the smallest canopy projected areas in the terminal descent state are in accordance with the wind tunnel test results. This analysis reveals the inflation law of the disk-gap-band parachute and provides a new numerical method for supersonic parachute design.     

空心气冷低压涡轮动叶气热耦合数值模拟

以空心气冷低压涡轮动叶为研究对象,采用高质量的流体域和固体域网格控制技术,带转捩模型的双方程SST湍流模型,开展了基于CFD方法的叶片气热耦合问题研究。获得了不同冷气流量比(分别为1.0%,1.38%,1.8%和2.2%)、温比(分别为2.1,2.25,2.3,2.4和2.5)和压比(分别为1.4,1.6和1.8)对叶片换热特性的影响规律,设计状态中截面按弧长平均的叶片壁面金属温度计算值较试验值偏小0.3%,气热耦合计算的叶片壁面温度分布与试验结果吻合良好,验证了气热强耦合计算方法的精度,为涡轮叶片温度场分析提供了一种有效的方法。     

雨流计数的递归算法

给出了疲劳分析中雨流计数法的另一种等效解释。在这个解释的基础上,提出了雨流计数的递归算法。该算法将包含多于一个应力峰值点的任意载荷 时间历程以两个谷值点为界分解成3个子段,每个子段用递归方法继续分解成3个更短的子段,直至每个子段仅包含一个峰值点或不包含峰值点为止。分解得到的仅包含一个峰值点的任意子段对应一个子循环,其应力的最大值和最小值在递归分解过程中可以同时算出。该算法不需像其他雨流计数算法那样在剔除局部子循环的峰、谷点数据后重新整理载荷 时间历程,也能保留各应力子循环出现的先后次序信息,且最先分离出来的可以是变程最大的应力循环。算法的缺点是不适合实时疲劳损伤计算,且算法在实现时需要计算机为其堆栈分配较多的存储器空间。     

固体燃料冲压发动机内旁路分气流场数值模拟

为了调节固体燃料冲压发动机推力,提出了一种内旁路分气结构型式,采用数值模拟方法对该结构的流场进行了分析。研究发现,可以通过改变旁路进气量调节发动机推力,而且旁路进气使补燃室头部出现对称旋涡,对增强燃烧较为有利。内旁路分气结构不需要采用后置旁侧进气道,可有效减小导弹体积、质量与阻力,在中小型发动机上具有较好的应用前景。     

吻切锥乘波构型参数化设计与正交试验分析

为了获得外形控制参数对吻切锥乘波构型性能的影响程度,通过分析吻切锥乘波构型的生成特点和生成方法,在其参数化设计的基础上,运用正交试验设计方法分析了各个控制参数乘波构型性能的影响,确定了对气动性能和容积率影响较大的参数,为进一步合理确定优化空间和优化策略提供指导。运用CFD方法对典型外形进行了性能分析,结果显示:吻切锥乘波构型具有较高升阻比,下表面中心区流动均匀,可为高超声速飞行器机身/进气道一体化提供参考。作为应用,基于正交试验结果设计了以吻切锥乘波构型作为前体的一个高超声速飞行器,验证了设计方法的合理性。     

二次流动对气冷涡轮叶栅流场的影响

针对典型跨声速高压涡轮叶型平面叶栅吸力面单排孔气膜冷却,采用数值模拟方法,比较分析了加入气膜冷却前后流场变化。结果表明,由于二次流动的影响,加入气膜冷却以后吸力面后部接近下壁面处没有受到冷气保护而直接暴露于主流高温燃气,在实际高压涡轮中将极大的降低叶片寿命。没有气膜冷却情况下,吸力面接近下壁面处边界层仍有可能因受到二次流动的影响发生转捩;加入气膜冷却情况下,气膜孔中心位置下游边界层由于射流和主流的相互作用将转变为湍流边界层,而由于孔间距的影响,只有射流和主流充分掺混以后才能影响到整个叶片的范围。