水陆两栖飞机方向舵附面层控制研究

水陆两栖飞机采用增升手段降低起降速度后,需要提高方向舵的操纵能力。将吹气式附面层控制方法应用到水陆两栖飞机的垂尾上,建立其二维模型并进行数值模拟,设计垂尾安定面与方向舵之间的缝道挡板,防止迎风一侧的高压气流冲击背风面、阻碍吹气气流附着;研究垂尾安定面后缘和前缘吹气共同作用的组合吹气方案,防止方向舵较早失速。结果表明:垂尾采用吹气式附面层控制之后,结合缝道挡板和组合吹气,方向舵操纵能力可提高1倍左右。     

高精度电磁标定力数值模拟及实验研究

高精度电磁标定力源是微推力测量系统的重要组成要素之一。为了获得性能优良的电磁标定力,本文综合采用数值模拟及实验测量两种方法分析研究了线圈和永磁铁相对位置变化时,磁铁几何尺寸对电磁力输出特性的影响：对于直径较大、厚度较小的永磁铁而言,其电磁力随相对位置的变化会存在极值,且极值点附近的电磁力具有较好的稳定性和一致性。根据电磁力变化趋势特性,提出了线圈和永磁铁相对基准中心（极值点）位置的高精度设置方案,且基准中心位置附近的电磁力变异系数可达0.00252,为高性能电磁力的获得提供了基础。最后,确定了大直径永磁铁+线圈组合型电磁力产生装置,并基于拟合方法建立了一定包络区间内的高精度电磁力控制关系式,其拟合曲线的估计标准误差约为0.0137,为微推力测量台架的标定提供了理论指导和技术支持。     

自身场磁等离子体推力器数值仿真流场特性分析

磁等离子体推力器以其推力大、比冲高等特点,成为未来深空探测、星际航行任务首选的电推力器类型,研究推力器内部等离子体流场特性,有利于解释推力器出现的物理现象。针对特定自身场磁等离子体推力器,建立磁流体模型,使用TVD Lax-Friedrich格式以及ADI方法对推力器内部及羽流进行数值求解,得到等离子体流场及等离子体参数分布情况,仿真结果显示在高电流工况下,等离子体羽流更加集中,轴向加速效果更加显著,但高电流模式下阴极温度较高,不利于阴极的使用寿命。     

A comparative and numerical study of effects of gravity waves in small miss-distance and miss-time GPS radio occultation temperature profiles

The Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) technique has global coverage and is capable of generating high vertical resolution temperature profiles of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with sub-Kelvin accuracy and long-term stability, regardless of weather conditions. In this work, we take advantage of the anomalously high density of occultation events at the eastern side of the highest Andes Mountains during the initial mission months of COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate). This region is well-known for its high wave activity. We choose to study two pairs of GPS RO, both containing two occultations that occurred close in time and space. One pair shows significant differences between both temperature profiles. Numerical simulations with a mesoscale model were performed, in order to understand this discrepancy. It is attributed to the presence of a horizontal inhomogeneous structure caused by gravity waves.     

Gravity wave momentum flux generation close to mid-latitude Andes in mesoscale simulations of late 20th and 21st centuries

Adequate representations of diverse dynamical processes in general circulation models (GCM) are necessary to obtain reliable simulations of the present and the future. The parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (GWD) is one of the critical components of GCM. It is therefore convenient to evaluate whether standard orographic GWD parameterizations are appropriate. One alternative is to study the generation of gravity waves (GW) with horizontal resolutions that are higher than those used in current GCM simulations. Here we assess the seasonal pattern of topographic GW momentum flux (GWMF) generation for the late 20th and 21st centuries in a downscaling using the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B emission conditions. We focus on one of the world’s strongest extra-tropical GW zones, the Andes Mountains at mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. The presence of two GCM sub-grid scale structures locally contributing to GWMF (one positive and one negative) is found to the East of the mountains. For the late 21st century the strength of these structures during the GW high season increases around 23% with respect to the late 20th century, but the GWMF average over GCM grid cell scales remains negative and nearly constant around −0.015 Pa. This constitutes a steady significant contribution during GW high season, which is not related to the GWMF released by individual sporadic strong GW events. This characteristic agrees with the fact that no statistically significant variation in GWMF at source level has been observed in recent GCM simulations of atmospheric change induced by increases in greenhouse gases.     

运载火箭推进剂复杂流动传热问题数值模拟中的模型简化方法

在运载火箭改进优化或新型运载火箭设计过程中,会遇到各种复杂的流动与传热问题。按照真实产品和物理过程直接建立的数值计算模型过于复杂,不同尺度的结构、流动与传热、长时间的飞行过程相互耦合,出现计算时间太长(数年)、收敛困难、程序调试困难等问题。针对初始条件复杂、飞行过程复杂、边界条件复杂3类具体问题,总结了3种相应的模型简化方法,分别是工程经验法、极限参数法、低维近似法,为推进剂复杂流动与传热的数值模拟提供参考。     

卫星导航定位方程的病态条件

定位精度因子(PDOP)上限取值是导航星座设计及其性能评价的基本依据。本文系统地论述卫星导航定位方程及其精度评定算法以及线性方程病态条件,通过实测和仿真数值试验结果对比分析,详细论证PDOP与卫星导航定位方程病态条件的关系,进而确定PDOP上限取值,以满足实际工程应用需求。     

统一分区加强解算法解物体穿越激波非定常流场

使用统一分区加强解算法求解非定常可压缩Navier-Stokes方程，模拟了物体分别以超音速和亚声速穿越与之同向运动激波的全过程，并且通过和单区计算结果的详细对比，说明统一分区加强解算法能够简便、有效的处理复杂几何外形和提高网格分辨率。     

CPL蒸发器多孔芯内传热传质的非稳态数值模拟

基于多孔芯内局部热力学平衡的假设，考虑了Brinkman和Forchheimer对Darcy定律的修正模型，针对简化的物理模型中所包含的气液相区域，建立了二维分层饱和多孔介质模型，以甲醇为工质对CPL，蒸发器毛细多孔芯内的传热传质过程进行非稳态数值模拟。在不同的热负荷条件下预测气液分层界面的形状和位置、系统由初态达到稳态过程的持续时间，讨论压力和温度的分布。由两层饱和模型所得到的计算结果可知．CPL系统在启动时，为避免高热流时液体脱离多孔区而发生干涸，宜采用小负荷启动；采用预热器，改善蒸气的出口条件；增加蒸发器入口处的工质的过冷度，有利于增加CPL系统启动过程和变工况时的稳定性。文中分析结论为CPL系统的优化设计提供参考。     

载人航天器生活舱内湿度场的稳态数值模拟

研究载人航天器生活舱内部的湿度情况具有重要意义。由于生活舱设备外形和结构相当复杂,难以建模,因此按照速度梯度、湿度梯度较大的优先原则,合理选择简化舱体结构及舱内设备。采用基于有限元网格的控制容积法对计算区域离散,对离散方程组求解得出水汽质量浓度分布后,结合舱内温度场通过一定的转换关系最终得到了生活舱内部的湿度分布。数值分析结果表明生活舱内处于相对湿度较高的状态下,提示还需进一步采取措施以改善舱内湿度水平。