一种空间燃料电池电源系统设计与实现

面向空间应用,依据某航天器任务期间的功耗需求,采用燃料电池和蓄电池的架构,对1kW燃料电池电源系统的设计与实现进行研究。构建了1kW燃料电池电源系统仿真模型,对系统设计原理进行了仿真验证,并研制了1kW燃料电池电源系统样机,对系统典型的负载阶跃工况进行了试验测试。试验测试结果表明,1kW燃料电池电源系统在半载阶跃变化时,母线电压波动小于5V,调节时间小于25μs;整个运行过程系统工作正常稳定,能够满足航天器空间应用需求。     

基于PD控制的仿昆虫扑翼样机研制

仿昆虫微型扑翼飞行器（FW-MAN）可以模仿昆虫悬停、垂直起飞以及侧飞等飞行姿态,从而适应复杂多障碍环境,具有广阔的应用前景。成功设计研制了一款重23.8 g,翼展18 cm,扑动幅值180°,扑动频率可达22 Hz的可垂直起飞的仿昆虫微型扑翼飞行器。采用曲柄摇杆与滑轮的组合机构作为样机扑动机构以解决原有样机扑动方案存在高摩擦及结构复杂等问题,样机翅翼设计为具有扭转角度的柔性翅翼从而使样机具有更高的气动效率。考虑到现有的姿态调节机制存在增加机构复杂度问题,基于翅翼扭转的姿态调节机制,设计了相应的控制调节机构,并搭建了样机气动力测量平台和姿态调节平台。气动升力与姿态力矩测量结果表明,样机翅翼可提供足够升力,姿态调节机制具有可行性。在此基础上,选取PD （Proportional Differential）控制律作为样机控制方式,为解决参数调定耗时及直接试飞样机不易观察控制效果问题,基于姿态调节平台获取了初始控制参数,然后对样机进行了多次试飞实验,并多次调定参数,最终实现了样机稳定垂直起飞。     

Estimation of Transverse Thermal Conductivity of Doubly-periodic Fiber Reinforced Composites

For steady-state heat conduction, a new variational functional for a unit cell of composites with periodic microstructures is constructed by considering the quasi-periodicity of the temperature field and in the periodicity of the heat flux fields. Then by combining with the eigenfunction expansion of complex potential which satisfies the fiber-matrix interface conditions, an eigenfunction expansion-variational method(EEVM) based on a unit cell is developed. The effective transverse thermal conductivities of doubly-periodic fiber reinforced composites are calculated, and the first-order approximation formula for the square and hexagonal arrays is presented, which is convenient for engineering application. The numerical results show a good convergency of the presented method, even though the fiber volume fraction is relatively high. Comparisons with the existing analytical and experimental results are made to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the first-order approximation formula for the hexagonal array.     

一种新的三维四步编织复合材料几何模型及其在宏观弹性性能预测中的应用

 为了准确预测三维四步(1×1)编织复合材料的宏观弹性常数,提出了一种考虑纤维束三维几何结构和纤维束与基体相互作用、便于有限元网格划分的单胞几何模型,该模型精确地反映了纤维体积比。以该几何模型为基础,用六面体单元分别对纤维束和基体进行了网格划分,满足了纤维束与基体界面间的位移连续条件。采用有限元模型计算了编织复合材料的宏观弹性常数,与其他计算结果和实验结果的比较表明,该几何模型和有限元模型比较合理。     

弹射座椅靠背角调节分析

随着我国战斗机飞行时长的逐渐增长,长时间乘坐弹射座椅引起腰部酸痛、麻木、疲劳、舒适性体感差等问题日渐突出。文中通过研究国外长时乘坐的弹射座椅特点,提出了调节座椅靠背角度来提升舒适性的解决方案,结合民用座椅靠背角度调节范围,并经地面静态乘坐舒适性评估试验,分析得出弹射座椅向后倾安装角的范围为30～40°,并给出弹射座椅靠背调节的技术方案,为后续弹射座椅的靠背调节设计提供参考。     

Prospects of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reflectometry for geodynamic studies

Innovative processing of satellite radar altimetry over solid Earth has been successfully applied for observing geodynamic process of glacial isostatic adjustment over the former Laurentide Ice Sheet in the present-day Hudson Bay land region. In this contribution, a simulation is conducted to study the prospects of the applications of space-/airborne and land-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reflectometry to synoptically observe global-scale geodynamic processes with a vertical accuracy of ∼2 mm/yr.     

型面可调整反射器结构与调整技术概述

文章针对星载固面天线型面制造精度难以提高与反射器在轨型面精度不可调整两方面问题,调研了国内外型面可调整类型反射器的研究状况,列举并分析了国内外几种可调整反射面的结构形式,最后对离散点式可调整反射面的调整技术如调整装置的分布、各调整装置调整量的大小等关键技术进行了分析。     

复杂结构件数控加工浮动装夹自适应控制方法

为了减小复杂结构件数控加工产生的变形,满足装夹自适应调整需求,基于浮动装夹加工原理提出了浮动装夹自适应控制方法,研究了基于CAN(Controller Area Network)总线的浮动装夹系统通信、零件受力和变形的监测与检测、基于OPC(OLE for Process Control)的机床状态监测、数控机床和夹具协同控制等关键技术,开发了浮动装夹自适应控制系统。此系统在航空制造企业进行了实际加工应用验证,能够实现装夹自适应调整,满足工业应用需求。     

New design of a compact aero-robotic drilling end effector: An experimental analysis

This paper presents the development of a normal adjustment cell (NAC) in aero-robotic drilling to improve the quality of vertical drilling, by using an intelligent double-eccentric disk nor-mal adjustment mechanism (2-EDNA), a spherical plain bearing and a floating compress module with sensors. After the surface normal vector is calculated based on the laser sensors’ feedback, the 2-EDNA concept is conceived specifically to address the deviation of the spindle from the sur-face normal at the drilling point. Following the angle calculation, depending on the actual initial position, two precise eccentric disks (PEDs) with an identical eccentric radius are used to rotate with the appropriate angles using two high-resolution DC servomotors. The two PEDs will carry the spindle to coincide with the surface normal, keeping the vertex of the drill bit still to avoid repeated adjustment and position compensation. A series of experiments was conducted on an aeronautical drilling robot platform with a precise NAC. The effect of normal adjustment on bore diameter, dril-ling force, burr size, drilling heat, and tool wear was analyzed. The results validate that using the NAC in robotic drilling results in greatly improved vertical drilling quality and is attainable in terms of intelligence and accuracy.     

三维四向C/C复合材料高温氧化环境强度预测

在细观尺度下,基于逐渐损伤理论,建立了一种三维四向C/C复合材料高温强度预测模型。模型考虑了纤维束挤压后的截面形状、单胞的周期性以及纤维束和基体的脱黏等因素,引入考虑温度的三维Hashin失效准则进行单元的失效判定,预测了三维四向C/C复合材料室温和有防氧化保护700 ℃的拉伸强度。为了将模型发展到高温氧化环境,建立了考虑氧化速率的纤维束高温氧化环境力学性能退化模型,结合纤维束和单向板力学性能等价性原理,实现了无防氧化保护下三维四向C/C复合材料700 ℃拉伸强度的预测。研究了切边加工对三维四向复合材料强度的影响,建立了考虑切边宽度的切边三维四向复合材料强度预测模型,预测了有、无防氧化保护切边宽度为18 mm的三维四向C/C复合材料拉伸强度。结果表明:对非切边试验件在室温、有防氧化涂层700 ℃和无防氧化涂层700 ℃的预测误差分别为5.51%、7.20%和7.13%,拉伸过程的应力-应变曲线与试验结果吻合度较好;对切边试验件在室温和有防氧化涂层700 ℃的预测误差分别为0.88%和4.53%。多种类的算例表明预测模型合理、可靠。