热射流点火对爆震管内火焰加速及爆震波触发影响的数值研究

为研究热射流点火对爆震管内火焰加速及爆震波触发的影响,运用34步26组分丙烷基元反应进行了二维数值模拟,获得了5种不同的热射流发生器几何结构下的爆震管内火焰传播规律及缓燃向爆震转捩(deflagration to detonation transition,DDT)的时间与距离.结果表明:爆震管中湍流在火焰加速阶段起着重要作用,在爆震波触发阶段激波与火焰相互作用占有主导地位.根据DDT过程的定义,得到DDT时间在1.4~2.0ms之间,同时发现热射流发生器长度为150mm,热射流发生器孔径在8mm时DDT时间最短,热射流发生器长度及孔径对DDT距离的影响不大.      

RANS simulations on combustion and emission characteristics of a premixed NH3/H2 swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic model

Ammonia (NH₃) is considered as a potential alternative carbon free fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emission to meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements. Co-burning NH₃ and H₂ is an effective way to overcome ammonia’s relative low burning velocity. In this work, 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical simulations are conducted on a premixed NH₃/H₂ swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic mechanism. The effects of (A) overall equivalence ratio Φ and (B) hydrogen blended molar fraction X_H2 on combustion and emission characteristics are examined. The present results show that when 100%NH₃-0%H₂-air are burnt, the NO emission and unburned NH₃ of at the swirling combustor outlet has the opposite varying trends. With the increase of Φ, NO emission is found to be decreased, while the unburnt ammonia emission is increased. NH₂ → HNO, NH → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are found to play a critical role in NO formation. Normalized reaction rate of all these three sub-paths is shown to be decreased with increased Φ. Hydrogen addition is shown to significantly increase the laminar burning velocity of the mixed fuel. However, adding H₂ does not affect the critical equivalence ratio corresponding to the maximum burning velocity. The emission trend of NO and unburnt NH₃ with increased Φ is unchanged by blending H₂. NO emission with increased X_H2 is increased slightly less at a larger Φ than that at a smaller Φ. In addition, reaction rates of NH₂ → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are decreased with increased X_H2, when Φ is larger. Under all tested cases, blending H₂ with NH₃ reduces the unburned NH₃ emission, especially for rich combustion conditions. In summary, the present work provides research finding on supporting applying ammonia with hydrogen blended in low-emission gas turbine engines.     

羰基镍粉中铜、锰、钴含量的连续测试技术

建立了一种用AIR-C2H2火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测试镉镍电池羰基镍粉中铜、锰、钴含量,介绍了铜、锰、钴最佳测试条件,同时对样品硝化处理条件及在测试样品中的干扰因素进行了综合考虑。该方法具有很好的精密度和准确度,具有操作简便、时间快速、灵敏度高、重现性好、容易掌握等特点。铜、锰、钴含量的相对标准偏差均小于1.0%（n=6）。标准加入回收率均在97.0%-99.0%范围内。适用于镉镍电池羰基镍粉中含有较多共同被测离子铜、锰、钴的生产现场控制分析和样品系统分析。     

管道中不同形状悬置障碍物与火焰相互作用的实验观察

研究管道内火焰与障碍物相互作用过程对预防因燃烧失稳导致爆炸事故具有非常重要的意义.利用高速阴影照相系统对方形管道内火焰流经不同形状的障碍物时所产生的失稳加速及变形进行了实验测试.障碍物置于管道内前端的中央位置,其形状分别为圆柱,方柱以及三角形柱体,实验表明火焰阵面在临近障碍物时会产生变形,其形状与障碍物形状相关.另外,由于障碍物与管道壁面会形成不同形状的火焰通道,从而使火焰在通道内的加速程度不同,在障碍物后形成不同的阵面结构.火焰在绕过障碍物后,因受到未燃气产生的尾流低压旋涡影响而在障碍物后方中向管道中心线翻转.     

甲烷-空气预混火焰越过不同形状障碍物的实验研究

对甲烷-空气预混火焰越过安装于燃烧室内底壁的多种形状障碍物进行了系列实验。以高速阴影摄影获取火焰阵面变化的序列相片,准确地记录了流场和火焰的变化过程。结果表明,障碍物的上表面对诱导湍流具有十分重要的影响,而障碍物下游的回旋区会导致火焰的翻卷和弯曲。变形火焰在未燃气体中产生的压缩波在壁面进行反射并在燃烧区反复穿越,也大大破坏了火焰的稳定性。不同形状的障碍物对火焰稳定性的影响呈现的特点不同,但最终均能导致湍流燃烧和加速。     

双酚A型2,2-对氨基苯甲酸苯基氧化膦本质阻燃PA66

以自合成的双酚A型2,2-对氨基苯甲酸苯基氧化膦(BNNPO)、 己二胺及PA66盐为原料,通过高温高压(280 ℃,1.7 MPa)聚合制备了本质阻燃PA66树脂。红外分析表明BNNPO盐含有N-P膨胀结构;热分析表明阻燃PA66树脂较纯PA66有更优异的热稳定性;极限氧指数及垂直燃烧法结果显示阻燃PA66具有良好的阻燃性能,当BNNPO含量达4.5 wt%时,极限氧指数(Limiting oxygen index,LOI)及垂直燃烧水平（UL94）分别达28%和V-0;锥形量热法及扫描电镜分析发现BNNPO以气相及凝聚相协效阻燃作用于PA66基体材料;力学性能结果显示BNNPO的引入对PA66的力学性能影响较小。     

冲击-发散冷却火焰筒浮动瓦片三维壁温计算分析

论述了采用冲击-发散冷却技术的火焰筒浮动瓦片的传热计算分析方法, 以及传热数学模型和边界条件处理.并采用ANSYS程序的热分析模块对浮动瓦片的三维壁温场进行了计算.计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析, 两者有较好的吻合性, 计算值与试验值的相对误差不大于6%.      

Combustion modeling in a model combustor

The flow-field of a propane-air diffusion flame combustor with interior and exterior conjugate heat transfers was numerically studied.Results obtained from four combustion models,combined with the re-normalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model,discrete ordinates radiation model and enhanced wall treatment are presented and discussed.The results are compared with a comprehensive database obtained from a series of experimental measurements.The flow patterns and the recirculation zone length in the combustion chamber are accurately predicted,and the mean axial velocities are in fairly good agreement with the experimental data,particularly at downstream sections for all four combustion models.The mean temperature profiles are captured fairly well by the eddy dissipation(EDS),probability density function(PDF),and laminar flamelet combustion models.However,the EDS-finite-rate combustion model fails to provide an acceptable temperature field.In general,the flamelet model illustrates little superiority over the PDF model,and to some extent the PDF model shows better performance than the EDS model.      

尾缘吹气稳定器初始雾化场实验及对燃烧计算的改进

利用激光测雾仪(PDA)对尾缘吹气式火焰稳定器尾缘出口的初始雾化场进行了实验研究, 在静止空气中测量了尾缘出口下游不同截面上的各点处的液滴直径、速度等参数, 分析了雾化场结构, 初步探讨了初始雾化场的特征.同时, 根据初始雾化场的实验结果给出燃烧数值模拟的初始雾化条件, 并把计算结果与燃烧实验数据和经验数值计算结果进行对比, 分析了实验初始雾化场数据对燃烧数值计算的改进效果.结果表明, 初始雾化场实验数据对燃烧室出口温度分布及燃烧效率的计算, 都有一定程度的改进, 其中对燃烧效率计算的改进效果更为明显.      

尾缘吹气稳定器与前方溅板式喷油匹配试验

使用了一种作为主流供油的侧喷挡板喷油杆,研究了主流供油与尾缘吹气稳定器局部供油的燃油匹配规律,揭示了尾缘吹气稳定器的性能特点.同时,为了验证侧喷挡板这种新的燃油匹配方式是否具有优越性,使用两种不同型式的火焰稳定器作为主稳定器,将其与一种逆喷挡板匹配方式的燃烧性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,在试验参数范围内,使用吹气稳定器作为主稳定器,侧喷挡板的燃烧性能好于逆喷挡板.