多目标多光谱高温仪的研制

根据固体火箭发动机羽焰特征研制了多目标多光谱高温仪。文中介绍了多光谱测温技术及测温仪系统构成。该系统可同时测量羽焰6个目标点的温度,每个目标点均有8个工作波长,可实现对发动机试验时羽焰流场轴向和环向多目标的温度动态测量。     

RBCC亚燃模态点火及火焰稳定研究(英文)

在直联式燃烧试验台上进行了基于机械壅塞的RBCC亚燃模态点火及火焰稳定研究,试验模拟飞行马赫数为2.5,采用扩张型双模态燃烧室和多级JP-10喷注方式。在主火箭工作的情况下,借助发动机出口机械壅塞的方式实现了点火和火焰稳定。同时发现火焰稳定与乙烯引导火焰无关,出口堵塞比是燃烧室压力提升的一个重要影响因素。研究工作为实现基于热力喉道的RBCC亚燃模态稳定高效燃烧提供了良好的基础。     

A combined turbulent combustion model in studying a lean flameout process

A modification of the Zimont turbulent combustion model is presented; the modification makes it possible to describe processes in diffusion and homogeneous flame fronts as well as to take into account the influence of different factors that cause flame destabilization. The model is based on the equation for a reaction completeness extent (completeness of combustion). The model realization to simulate the premixed combustion is described and the modification of the turbulent combustion model is applied to simulate a process of flameout downstream of the flameholder.     

弯曲通道模拟离心条件下的主燃级和预燃级联焰试验

冲压转子发动机是冲压发动机和燃气涡轮发动机的有机结合,其结构简单。冲压转子发动机燃烧室由于其内部受到强离心力场的作用,燃烧室火焰的稳定燃烧以及传播都会受其影响。为了得到离心力场对分级燃烧中两级联焰的影响规律,本文进行了试验研究工作。针对燃烧室在强离心条件下的燃烧特点,采用弯曲通道模拟气流的离心效应。在弯曲试验段上对预燃级和主燃级进行了联焰研究,试验在常温常压条件下进行,进口气流速度范围为10~70m/s。试验中考察了离心力、燃油分级比例以及主燃级燃油喷射初始角度对联焰的影响,试验结果初步验证了燃烧方案的可行性,为冲压转子发动机燃烧室的研究奠定了基础。     

Modelling ignition probability with pairwise mixing-reaction model for flame particle tracking

Reduced order models for ignition analysis can offer insights into ignition processes and facilitate the combustor optimization. In this study, a Pairwise Mixing-Reaction (PMR) model is formulated to model the interaction between the flame particle and the surrounding cell mixture during Lagrangian flame particle tracking. Specifically, the model accounts for the two-way coupling of mass and energy between the flame particle and the surrounding shell layer by modelling the corresponding turbulent mixing, chemical reaction and evaporation process if present. The state of a flame particle, e.g., burnt, hot gas or extinguished, is determined based on particle temperature. This model can properly describe the ignition process with a spark kernel being initiated in a nonflammable region, which is of practical importance in certain turbine engines and has not been rigorously accounted for by the existing models based on the estimation of local Karlovitz number. The model is integrated into an ignition probability analysis platform and is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame with the flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics being extracted from a non-reacting simulation. The results show that for the spark location being at the extreme fuel-lean outer shear layer of the recirculation zone, PMR can yield ignition events with a significant number of active flame particles. The mechanisms for the survival of the initial flame particles and the entrainment of the survived flame particles into the recirculation zone are analyzed. The results also show that the ignition probability map from PMR agrees well with the experimental observation: a high ignition probability in the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface, and low ignition probabilities inside the recirculation zone and the top stagnation region of the recirculation zone. The parametric study shows that the predicted shape of the ignition progress factor and ignition probability is in general insensitive to the model parameters and the model is adequate for quantifying the regions with high ignition probabilities.     

煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧特性实验研究

为研究空气节流时序对超燃冲压发动机点火和火焰稳定的影响,本文通过实验方法研究了13个状态的煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机的燃烧特性,煤油燃烧通过先锋氢气和节流空气增强稳定性。通过两个固定位置的压力传感器来监测火焰稳定状态,采用纹影和OH-PLIF相结合的测量手段,获得了流场结构和火焰发展信息。发动机入口来流条件为Ma = 2.0,总温950 K,总压0.82 MPa。在空气节流的作用下,煤油被先锋火焰引燃;在先锋氢撤除后,煤油仍然可以稳定燃烧。在扩张段中,空气节流和燃烧共同作用产生的激波串移动速度约为52 m/s,但在凹槽内其速度仅为3.7 m/s。通过监测点压力变化情况可以区分所研究状态的火焰稳定与否,通过对13个研究状态的考察,获得了火焰稳定临界曲线。当所研究状态点在临界曲线右上方区域时,火焰状态稳定;当所研究状态点在临界曲线左下方区域时,火焰将被吹熄;当所研究状态点在临界曲线上时,火焰不稳定,在空气节流撤除之前将被吹熄。     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

乙烯和汽油多循环脉冲爆震发动机起爆特性比较

为了研究脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)结构对其工作性能的影响,在内径为40mm、长为1050mm的气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机样机上,进行了气态乙烯/空气和液态汽油/空气的多循环起爆特性试验研究.研究结果表明:在25,30Hz和40Hz下都能在乙烯/空气中成功触发爆震波,40Hz下产生C-J(Chapman-Jouguet)爆震波,传播速度为1724m/s(低于C-J爆震波速度理论值1832.45m/s的5.6%),峰值压力为3.01MPa(高于C-J爆震波压力理论值2.79MPa的7.88%).在相同结构下,汽油/空气未能完成由缓燃向爆震转变的过程.通过对比两种燃料下的试验结果发现:相对于气态燃料,液态燃料受其蒸发过程的影响,在爆震管内的火焰加速缓慢,需要更多的强化燃烧装置来加速火焰,带来的总压损失也更大.因此,对于液态燃料改善雾化和蒸发,提高可爆混气的质量是其实现低阻起爆的关键.      

火焰辐射光场成像光线采样特性

为了研究全光相机对火焰等半透明介质的光场采样并优化全光相机的参数,基于近轴光学,建立了全光相机的逆向光线追迹模型。在此基础上,针对弥散介质沿采集方向的半透明特性,提出了像素采样锥形角以及物方采样角度等评价光线角度采样的性能指标,据此分析了全光相机像素和微透镜的位置对光场采样特性的影响,以及全光相机光学参数变化对光线方向采样性能的影响。结果表明:采集火焰辐射光场时,较小的微透镜直径有利于提高光场采样的单方向性,并减小主镜头入瞳直径,而较小的主镜头焦距有利于增大物方采样角度。     

离心力场下扩散射流火焰的特性

以直段空腔和弯曲空腔为研究对象,在相同的初始条件下试验了两者之间火焰传播的特性,研究了强离心力条件下的扩散射流火焰特性.通过比较分析,在弯曲空腔中离心力场的影响下,扩散射流火焰受到浮升力的作用,以"焰泡迁移"的方式在主流中传播,加快了火焰传播速度,削弱了横向气流的干扰作用,使扩散射流火焰顺利地与空气掺混反应,增加了其在横向气流中的穿透深度.