航天特因环境影响及有关选拔训练项目和模拟方法

航天员在航天活动中不可避免将遇到特殊而复杂的航天环境因素作用,其对人体会产生特殊影响,常人很难耐受和适应。而在地面模拟航天特殊因素环境并通过试验来选拔和训练航天员,是提高航天员对这些环境的适应和耐受能力的有效方法。文章简要介绍了航天特因环境及其对人体的影响,航天特因环境选拔训练项目以及载人航天环境模拟方法。     

月球表面次生伽马与中子辐射环境模拟研究

月球表面以银河宇宙射线（GCR）为主引发的次生伽马谱和次生中子谱表征月壤的元素组成以及水冰含量,对于下一阶段的月球探测与资源原位利用是值得研究的重要内容。文章通过蒙特卡罗方法简单模拟与分析银河宇宙射线环境下月球表面簇射的伽马与中子辐射环境,结果表明：月球次生伽马谱具有明显的氢（2.23 MeV）、铝（0.83 MeV）、钙（3.53 MeV）、氧（6.13 MeV）、硅（1.77 MeV）谱线特征,水含量对其影响不大,但在高水含量时氢的谱线更为明显;月球表面次生中子谱形与月壤中水冰含量密切相关,随水冰含量增加热中子通量下降,0.01 eV中子的通量在20%含水量时比不含水时下降了72%。建议在后期月球探测计划中使用小型、低功耗的中子/伽马复合探测器,实现我国首次原位月球伽马/中子辐射环境探测,为未来进一步勘探月球原位水资源、矿产资源积累反演的基线数据。     

未来月球及深空探测中的动力学环境问题

近年来,越来越多的空间机构将月球和深空探测作为未来空间探测的重点。未来随着深空探测任务复杂度的增加,其面临的动力学环境也更加复杂。文章分析了月球和深空探测过程中所面临的动力学问题,介绍了现有月球和深空探测中主要动力学环境试验的情况,最后提出了未来月球和深空探测所面临的动力学环境模拟挑战和建议。     

国内外典型航天特因环境选拔训练设备及其应用

以航天特因环境选拔训练设备为平台,在地面模拟的航天特殊因素环境中通过试验来选拔和训练航天员,是提高航天员对这些环境的适应能力和耐受能力的一种非常有效的方法。本文对国内外典型航天特因环境选拔训练设备及其应用进行综述。     

机载电子设备在海洋环境中的腐蚀分析

为了分析清楚机载电子设备部件在海洋气候环境中发生腐蚀现象的原因。对发生腐蚀的壳体、螺钉和连接器进行取样,对样品的正面及切片的横截面利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和红外线光谱分析仪等技术手段进行分析。通过分析表明电子设备不仅遭受盐雾环境腐蚀,而且还有浸渍海水的现象。针对机载电子设备腐蚀分析的结果,结合工程设计经验,从机载电子设备结构设计、防护工艺两方面提出了具体的改进方法来避免或减少腐蚀现象的发生。     

风扇转子叶片周向积叠的三维气动优化设计

为了研究优化环境对优化结果的影响,利用商业软件NUMECA对某风扇第一级转子叶片进行了气动优化设计,并对比研究了第一级转子单排叶片的优化及其在整级环境中的优化结果。研究发现．单叶排优化后．虽然能提高整级风扇的效率,但是由于匹配的原因,整级风扇在整个流量范围内总压比都比优化前的有所减小;在级环境中优化后,该级风扇的效率和稳定工作范围都扩大了,且保证了级压比不变,其优化效果比单叶排的优化效果好。     

宇航电绝缘材料深空环境适应性研究

宇航电绝缘材料是深空探测器电信号传递和作用的界限,评估宇航电绝缘材料的环境适应性是材料选择,绝缘设计及工艺处理过程中需要考虑和优化的项目。本文从材料电绝缘性能关联的环境因素入手,介绍了深空辐射环境、热环境、气体环境及颗粒物环境及其效应,给出了深空环境适应性评估流程及验证项目及方法,为宇航电绝缘材料的选用和评估提供参考。     

Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.     

A comprehensive study of the 2016 Mw 6.0 Italy earthquake based on high-rate (10 Hz) GPS data

The 2016 M_w 6.0 Italy earthquake is successfully recorded by the near-field 10?Hz GPS and 200?Hz Strong Motion (SM) stations, providing valuable data for this study. A comprehensive study of this earthquake is carried out based on GPS data, which contains coseismic deformations analysis, noise analysis, seismic wave picking, and magnitude determination. The noise of most GPS-derived displacement waveforms can be described as a combination of white noise, flicker noise, and random walk noise after the earthquake occurrence, and the spectral indices vary significantly for most stations, implying that the seismic signals have affected the noise characteristic of GPS-derived displacement waveforms. S-transform is employed to assess the GPS capability to detect the seismic arrival time. The SM station AMT and the GPS station AMAT are in good agreement in seismic wave picking, and the difference is only 1.2?s in the north component, suggesting that the outcome of seismic wave picking using GPS data is reliable. Then, a classic empirical formula is employed to determine the moment magnitude. A robust moment magnitude (Mw 5.90) can be estimated by the nine GPS stations with about 23.9?s. If four GPS stations near the epicenter is chosen to determine the magnitude, it only take 13.0?s to retrieve a reliable preliminary (Mw 5.82) magnitude, which is 5.4?s ahead of nine stations. In addition, Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) is adopted to measuring the correlation and phase relationship between GPS and SM records. The result of XWT analysis indicates 10?Hz GPS is capable of capturing reliable and accurate coseismic dynamic deformations, as evidenced by the XWT-based semblance being close to 1 between GPS and SM records. The above results confirm the capability of 10?Hz GPS to capture coseismic dynamic deformations, detect seismic arrival time, and determine earthquake magnitude. Moreover, rapid magnitude determination based on 10?Hz GPS data can be regarded as an important supplement to Earthquake Early Warning (EEW).     

复杂电磁环境下无线接收机电磁兼容快速测试技术应用CSCD

复杂射频电磁环境下,无线接收机作为主要的敏感设备,其电磁兼容性直接影响着整个武器装备的电磁兼容特性. 本文针对GJB 151B中对于接收机非线性测试方法的局限性,引入了一种利用自动双频测试系统对接收机干扰响应的快速测试方法;并搭建了实验室半实物仿真测试平台,检测了某接收机在（ 4-6 ） GHz组合频率干扰下的所有非线性的干扰响应通道. 测试结果对于评估接收机及其所在系统的外部电磁环境适应性具有重要参考价值.